BOOK REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

BOOK REVIEW - Essay Example Eating is a basic human need and the author is sending a message that the book can be considered as an essential element for survival, taking all the meaning in and not specifically. On page 7, the author compared reading the bible to stepping out of the cave into the real world based on Plato’s analogy. Parts two and chapter three is about learning from the bible and not using the content to personal advantage. In page 22, it is expressed by the author based on the bible that it is important to eat the book because it should be nourishment. The third part until the fifth part explores the different roles of scriptures such as being the text that give lessons to learn, the form which is about following the way of Jesus, and as script which is to be shared to the world (pp. 22-76). The second and third chapters are in depth look on the specific concepts and teachings and the manner of understanding them. Topics within the chapters Lectio Divina and The Company of Translators pr ovide structure to the teaching and scriptures and point out the importance of participatory reading. The author has the last part of the third chapter to the issue regarding translation of the bible and the effect on understanding its content. Reading the book can encourage readers to read the bible. It is a different, open and light approach to a serious literary work that is respected by faith. The title can be considered as a witty way to denote the urgent need to imbibe the message of the book since it is essential to human beings’ survival. The author’s being religious is greatly reflected in the book. His passion regarding his faith and the need to make people realize that eating the book or metaphorically digesting its content is evident in every line. Even the last half where the author has the initiative to translate the bible from the original language to be able to achieve the message version reflects the need he

Course Work Essay Example for Free

Course Work Essay As the Vice President of the Sales, it is his responsibility in the first place to handle sales management leadership and sales compensation program according to David J. Cichelli (p. 38) and not the products being sold in the market. Therefore, it is inappropriate for a new Vice-President of Sales to discuss defective wrenches before a CEO meeting especially that he is unaware of the ethical guidelines being practiced by the organization. In this case, he has to take extra care to discuss the matter to the group without appearing discourteous or impolite. In the first place, the newly hired CEO (Vice President of Sales) has the idea of communicating the concept of customer satisfaction that is vital in the growth of sales as well as important in his role as sales management leader to provide the utmost satisfaction. He also wants to ensure that collaboration among members of the team is practiced as he assumes his duty as part of the CEO team. Evaluating the scenario, he has to look into several avenues and prepare materials to support his argument. First, he has to review the policies of the organization as well as a survey on customer feedback of the product conducted previously, from where he will base his argument. Any information about the company’s structure, ethical guidelines, and procedures will help him shape his analysis and proposal to redirect the company’s concept of customer satisfaction. Tactfully, he may present the problem as part of his initial report using the SWOT analysis from there he may initiate actions essential to the growth of sales. SWOT analysis according to Robert Price is helpful in the â€Å"analysis of the external environment†¦ and internal situation† to see the whole scenario of the problem (p. 104). Second, he may suggest innovation of the product to be introduced as a new model through which the customer may perceive the product having good quality that will â€Å"solve critical customer problem† (Rafinejad, p. 208). Product innovation should be carefully planned to attain the best improvement of the product because as Rafinejad stated, â€Å"†¦too many revisions to a product are disruptive to customers’ business operation and create confusion† (ibid). Third, the company may notify the public through a well-developed notification plan which may includes â€Å"customers’ reaction to the planned changed† (Rafinejad, p. 210). Once the customers’ wants finally established, a formal change notification may take place; this involves e-mail notification, advertising, and other public relation tasks. The need for strong sense of business ethics rooted on customer satisfaction must also be emphasized. This generally requires internal streamlining. Bjorn Andersen stated that business ethics has â€Å"a strong motivational effect that can spur individuals and indeed entire organization to unheard-of peaks of performance† (p. 7). This creates basically a true sense of dedication on the part of the employees in the delivery of products to the customers. To realize this goal, the company has to redefine corporate culture and restructure the organization in such a way that supports the objective of the company as part of the innovation process. Redefinition includes identifying corporate social responsibility approach with hands on business practices through transformation process on the operation level. Andersen mentioned that the process involves policy setting, overall image creation, and pointing out direction for the organization’s ethics endeavor (p. 28). To support the endeavor, the company has to evaluate its structure in a way that accountability for success and/or falling is determined. Likewise, certain business activities must be redirected through assigning corporate ethics program. Linda K. Trevino and Gary R. Weaver suggested to â€Å"formalize company values and expectations† in which multiple elements has to look into such as â€Å"dedicated staff, supporting structures and policies, and extensive employee involvement† (p. 91). Conclusion: The new Vice President of Sales with his expertise in the field of business may share his knowledge that will help the business grow. The defective wrenches may cause the business to fall due to customer complaints that are not dealt with properly. Assigning tasks that will save the image of the company will be realized through initiatives for change in products and corporate ethics. This will be done by means of undertaking strategic planning based on research that may include adapting new policies for the company. Reference Andersen, B. (2004). Bringing Business Ethics to Life: Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility. USA: American Society for Quality. Cichelli, D. J. (2003) Compensating the Sales Force: A Practical Guide to Designing Winning Sales Compensation Plans. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional. Price, R. (2007) The Eye of Innovation: Recognizing Possibilities and Managing the Creative Enterprise. USA: Yale University Press. Rafinejad, D. (2007) Innovation, Product Development and Commercialization: Case Studies and Key Practices for Market Leadership. USA: Ross Publishing. Trevino, L. K. Weaver, G. R. (2003). Managing Ethics in Business Organizations: Social Scientific Perspectives. USA: Stanford University Press.

Political Ecology Has Come Of Age Geography Essay

Political Ecology Has Come Of Age Geography Essay Political ecology is by no means a new concept. As a theory it produces a complex framework of understanding into the relationships between political, economic and social environments and the effect these relations have on environmental development and protection, developing common ground where disciplines can intersection (Greenburg and Park (1994).   The nature of political ecology can be so broadly defined that as a field of research has developed, no one definition has been substantiated in order to fully characterise the assertion towards collective considerations of society and nature. Although the adaptation and expansion of this body of knowledge continues to create a broader sub-context in which geographic and development studies are practiced, creating greater obstacles in its theoretical classification, Robbins (2004) defines political ecology as, ‘empirical, research based explorations to explain linkages in the condition and change of social/environmental systems , with explicit considerations of relations of power.   The emphasis placed on political ecology is to provide a sense of connectedness within a field that traditional sees the sum of its parts divided into different areas of definition and implication. As the study of the importance of political ecology by Stott and Sullivan (2000) has shown that by identifying the political circumstances that forced people into activities which caused environmental degradation, in the absence of alternative possibilities, there is a need to illustrate the political dimensions of environmental narratives and in deconstructing particular narratives, to suggest that accepted ideas of degradation and deterioration may not be simple linear trends to predominate.   This approach to geographic thinking provides the academic field with a further dimension of theoretical application but as to whether its use has truly ‘come of age remains a contested issue within academia and the wider world of representative approaches to environmental conservation and positive action towards sustainability. This essay will concentrate on deconstructing whether this critical approach to human-environmental relations has broken the barriers to understanding political, human and environmental interactions in a wider social context. This will be achieved through the examination of critiques within the approach, taking into account the important questions of whose history and whose knowledge is being represented and elements of contested theory and implication that cause problematic outcomes on the global stage of development. Whilst developing this argument, also being taken into consideration will be the contribution political ecology has had within and towar ds development and development studies, in order to establish what the role and emphasis is of resulting work that the approach of political ecology has in the ever expanding field of critical development, evaluating, as noted by Muldavin (2008), ‘where ‘we have been in the past, where we are today, and where we may be going in the future and whether political ecology can ever manifest itself within a structured and conclusive framework or whether the approach will only suffice to be ‘all things to all people (Blaikie, 2008). The field of political ecology is vast, through which the addition to theoretical impact through the development of effective frameworks creating limitless boundaries toward disciplinary input where the flexible and adaptive form found within political ecology has allow new and diverse currents of thought within a positivist framework. When considering whether political ecology has come of age, although there are continual debates over the theoretical and methodological implications towards the approaches undertaken by the academy, overlooking these momentarily, it becomes clear that in an age where environmental protection, conservation and the development of long term ‘green policy is the most predominant topic on policy makers minds, it would be clear to identify the intermediate coming of age of the discipline, despite its continual critique. Arguably, although the approach itself, suffers from what Muldavin (2008) describes as ‘boundaries of ignorance that allow unru ly practices to be maintained and reproduced, the controversial subjection of theory and practice leads to a continual critical reassessment of the approaches implications to form continually renewed policy, although criticised for its lack of engagement with practical problem solving (Walker, 2006). The issues of multi-discipline connectedness and the increasing need for social and environmental synergy brings the issues undertaken by aspects of political ecology to occupy the central stage (Peet and Watts, 2004) of global environmental politics and civil society debates. In order to overcome institutionalized system of knowledge the issues raised in the expansion of political ecology debate has allowed for the production of space for thought, opening up discussion toward how discourse formation and representativeness in the present and towards the future to shape policy and practice in order to drive political ecology to form positive regulation of global commons. Developments within the field of political ecology have been vast over the last forty years, with particular emphasis being placed, in the last decade, on what Bebbington (2003) terms ‘theorizing up (Walker, 2006). As previous environmental narratives are questioned, the ability to ‘theorize up seek ways to ascertain the significance of such studies in broader development concerns, (Walker, 2006) where the approach to political ecology represents an integration of environmental knowledge and social justice that is not yet fully adopted or understood in all environmental debate (Forsyth, 2008). Through this stand point the ability to create suitable space in which to consider social participation in environment development and conservation through the implementation of local initiatives can be utilized. As argued by Simon (2003) for the need of balanced integrated attention to the biophysical/environmental and social political realms at different scales, in order to approp riately analyse the formulation of discourse. Much work has been undertaken to deconstruct commonly assumed environmental narratives and the diversity within the field through interdisciplinary connection and ‘hybrid knowledge or ‘discourse coalitions (Latour, 1993; Hajer, 1995; Blaikie, 2008) that have allowed the formulation of theory and methodology to remain lucid and adaptable to change.   However, although as argued by Watts (2003) the diversity of political ecology should be celebrated, its position in the world outside the academy of [political ecologist] thought provides a bleak landscape of complex terminology and distant solutions bound in red tape. Many political ecologists argue the concept of ‘non-equilibrium ecology (Forsyth, 2008) as the production of long term policy solutions made due to space-time factors.   With this in mind the assessment of political ecology developments dealing with issues such as access, the effect of institutions on vulnerable societies and the increasing emergence of women in development studies need to be taken into consideration. In the past access and control of resources in environment conservation continues to produce a divide in the politics of knowledge production in the global North and South. Although the work of political ecology seeks to understand and further develop the connections between social networks and the natural environment through its interaction with government and non-government lead organisations, the approach has been problematic from its beginning. Peet and Watts (2004) identify a fundamental flaw through the polarization of the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"have nots†, where an emphasis on the effects of poverty on environment impact has been inherently linked to the causes of degradation in vulnerable areas in need for conservation, focusing heavily on third world and developing countries, which sees negative impacts on the environment fall into a ‘blaming the victim approach within social scientific concerns (Peet and Watts, 2004).   This approach arguably reinf orces post-colonial/post-structuralideologies of power and control over resources, through the reproduction of authority where knowledge toward global environmental management is encoded through institutionalised forms of knowledge rhetoric. These theoretical stand points allow for the rationalization of certain types of conclusion or outcome, whilst justifying change to traditional interaction with the environment including enclosure, exclusion and displacement of particular groups within a society.   The implication of this ideological, knowledge certification sees the privilege of particular forms of knowledge and power through which policy and practice toward further environmental trajectories are planned and applied. Although the production of knowledge and policy is important on a global scale, within particular western frameworks of progressive development policy, questions that should be consider include to whom does the policy speak? Whose history, whose science is being institutionalised and privileged and why? Although it is clear certain material impact push particular bands of knowledge into the foreground of discussion; the discourse of development and political ecology, the issues of scale and region variability inevitably become blurred within a colonial sense of restriction and a prescribed vision of what nature and environmental ‘wilderness should be, rather than development. Due to the nature of power allocation within development, diverse actors tend not to provide solutions but continue to allocate blame to local land users, with institutional development moving towards alleviating and helping the poor rather than supporting them through long term policy implementation, what Vayda and Walters (1999) argue produces a limitless capacity [for political ecologists] to neither verify their subject of scrutiny nor to have understood the complex and contingent interconnections of factors whereby environmental changes are produced (Forsyth, 2008). Through the consideration of access to resources and institutions, the notion of privileged knowledge assertion and limited access toward political production and resource affirmation, a major development to be considered within conservation management and political ecology is the role of women in development (Jewitt and Kumar, 2004; Robbins, 2004). Women are traditionally depicted to have a close, maternal connection with nature. Though this connection womens closeness to nature aids the development of comprehensive agro-ecological knowledge and environmental management practices (Shiva, 1988) that are restricted due to reduced mobility within society and ecological theory production and more disadvantaged by development programmes (Jewitt and Kumar, 2004) and disproportionately represented among the poor, as a homogenous group. Theory toward the construction of a special relationship between women and the environment has previously been detrimental to the development of consistent policy construction toward scale of social movements in ecological conservation, in this sense, the deconstruction of environment narratives by examining wider inequalities in the division of labour towards ‘discourse sensitivity (Jewitt and Kumar, 2004) to support and collaborate (Rocheleau, 2008). The example of Joint Forestry Management in India by Jewitt and Kumar (2004) of the possible developments political theory could bring to development strategies is positive but also there are empirical problems that are interwoven in this collaboration with political ecology as a whole, including the lack of assessment toward whether theory can be effectively put into practice on the ground and whether their effectiveness through diverse communities can be achieved. Although the implications political ecology brings to the surface are very urgent and relevant, toward the development of necessary development and conservation policy, issues which are at the heart of present political, economic, cultural and social debate, its inherent complexities provide problematic understanding and expansion as to whether although in terms of its importance and theoretical distinction, the approach has become more grounded and come of age within academic discussion. On the wider, more global stage its concepts of development and conservation theory, although poignant, fail to provide a consistence material solution to aid positive outcomes for conservation development. As argued by Robbins (2004) political ecology is too focused on the broadly defined ‘underdeveloped world and posits the environment as a finite source of basic unchanging and essential elements, which set absolute limits for human action. However intuitive, this assumption has proven histo rically false and conceptually flawed. When considering the implications of political ecology as a critical approach to human-environmental relations, although it is important to consider the approach as a construction of meaning and justification for social and cultural implications on a multilayered scaled, the approach consequentially leads to complexities and problematic understanding. These inconsistencies begin with the problem of a definition that can be transformed to fit different meanings, inevitably creating obstacle to development and environmental justice.   The inability to connect with the wider world due to the diversity of complex notions of theory, devalue the benefit of the connectedness to other disciplines as the pool of thought is limited to a few. Although keen to move toward grounded engagement with the production of integrated social and environmental knowledge toward consistent policy (as seen through the work of Blaikie) ‘the dependency on single stories (in local level research analysis ) reduces the likelihood of influencing many bodies (Bebbington, 2003; Walker, 2004). Although the emphasis on cultural value is present in research, scaling up solutions from snap shots of research data can see many issues lost or lessened. Despite trying to diversify land based initiatives e.g. through donor site programmes, changes have seen movement away from policy based initiatives. The reproduction of knowledge as power, the allocation of privileged theory and the reproduction of poverty and inequality still remains challenging, as argued by Robbins (2004) who states the assertion that superior environmental knowledge originates in the global north for transfer to the global south is problematic due to the reproduction of colonial knowledge and discounting of indigenous knowledge and participation of local communities. Also within this framework of ‘knowledge as power is the production of ‘wild landscapes working towards conservation initiatives under the initiative of nature as a commodity, which introduces new levels of ambiguity and problematic methodological within the field of development studies and political ecology practices. As cited by Marx, ‘even society as a whole, a nation, or all existing societies put together, are not owners of the Earth. They are merely its occupants, its users; and like good caretakers, they must hand it dow n improved to subsequent generations (Peet and Watts, 2004).   Although, in many instances the commodification of natural resources e.g. the introduction of private parks has created conservation zones, the ethics and highly problematic issues attached to this type of land acquirement has produced environmental conflict. Commodification of land and nature are arguably an expansion of the colonial state, which see the development of an argument where people are removed by state intervention [inherently linked to political ecology (Peet and Watts, 2004)] leaving land to be managed by external structures and nature to be socially constructed causing problems for indigenous groups. Although political ecology approaches are trying to provide a mode of explanation towards engaging nature and political dimensions between human environment relations, they very rarely accomplish a distinctive and workable solution. In conclusion, although the body of knowledge that political ecology produces is highly relevant in modern perceptions towards the urgency of resource dilemmas, the seclusion of the theoretical approach which is confined to non-material based responses to environmental conservation is highly problematic. Although it is argued political ecology has come of age, in definition, the unity of the approach with wider debate still remains marginal to the broader field of development. Blaikie (2008) argues the importance of stabilising political ecology through a more aggressive institutionalization at college and university level. This could be argued as contradictory considering the need and importance of transition to a more decentralised applications of knowledge, through the further inclusion of indigenous knowledge systems and the compromise of researchers and theorists to accommodate the needs of local individuals in order to not displace the values and priorities of communities on th e ground considering the need to further institutionalise theory as stated by Blaikie to make political ecology ‘work. Therefore, it could then be stated that unlike the rediscovery of geography (Muldavin, 2008), political ecology still has many complexities to consider and overcome in order to promote positive impacts towards future environmental development that would result in greater representativeness of the approach in the global arena.   References: Agrawal, A. (2008) The Role of Local Institutions in Adaptation to climate change. Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Social Development Department, The World Bank, March 5-6 Blaikie, P. (2008) Epilogue: Towards a future for political ecology that works. Geoforum 39, 765-772 Forsyth, T. (2008) Political Ecology and the epistemological of social justice, Geoforum 39, 756-764 Greenburg, J.B. and Park, T.K. (1994) ‘Political ecology, Journal of Political Ecology 1 Hajer, M. (1995) in Forsyth, T. (2008) Political Ecology and the epistemological of social justice, Geoforum 39, 756-764 Jewitt, S. and Kumar, S. (2004) ‘A political ecology of forest management: gender and silvicultural knowledge in the Jharkhand, India in Stott, P., Sullivan, S. (2000) ‘Political Ecology: Science, Myth and Power. Arnold: London Latour, R. (1993) in Forsyth, T. (2008) Political Ecology and the epistemological of social justice, Geoforum 39, 756-764 Marx, Capital, vol.1 in Peet, R., Watts, M. (2004) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, development, social movements. Second Edition, Routledge: Oxon Muldavin, J. (2008) ‘The time and place for political ecology: An introduction to the articles honouring the life work of Piers Blaikie. Geoforum 39, 687-697 Peet, R. and Watts, M. (2004) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, development, social movements. Second Edition, Routledge: Oxon Pepper, D., Webster, F. and Revill, G. (2003) Environmentalism: Critical concepts. Routledge: London Robbins, P.(2004) ‘Political Ecology: A critical introduction. Blackwell Publishing: UK Rocheleau, D.E. (2008) Political ecology in the key of policy: From Chains of explanation to webs of reaction. Geoforum 39, 716 727 Shiva, V. (1988) cited in Jewitt, S., Kumar, S. (2004) ‘A political ecology of forest management: gender and silvicultural knowledge in the Jharkhand, India in Stott, P., Sullivan, S. (2000) ‘Political Ecology: Science, Myth and Power. Arnold: London Simon, D. (2008) ‘Political Ecology and development: Intersections, explorations, and challenges arising from the work of Piers Blaikie. Geoforum 39, 698-707 Stott, P. and Sullivan, S. (2000) ‘Political Ecology: Science, Myth and Power. Arnold: London Vayda, P. and Walters. (1999) Against political ecology. Human ecology, 27 (1) 1-18 in Peet, R., Watts, M. (2004) Liberation Ecologies: Environment, development, social movements. Second Edition, Routledge: Oxon Walker, P. A. (2006) ‘Political ecology: Where is the Policy? Progress in Human Geography 30 (3), 382-395 Watts, M. J. (2003) For political ecology, unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley in Walker, P. A. (2006) ‘Political ecology: Where is the Policy? Progress in Human Geography 30 (3), 382-395 Zimmerer, K.S., Bassett, T.J. (2003) Political Ecology: An integrative approach to geography and environment development studies. The Guildford Press: New York

frank sinatra Essay -- essays research papers

Immortality is defined as eternal life. Frank Sinatra is one who will live forever. His music, his movies, his attitude, his eyes, whatever it is you remember him for, all the same, he IS greatness. Few people come along in the course of life that can be labeled great, Frankie is the symbol of greatness. Tens of millions of recordings, nine Grammys and two Academy Awards, over 60 films, worldwide tours, television specials, hundreds of millions of dollars raised for charities. Sinatra passed the tests of time with grades better than though could be achieved, this is his story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sinatra was born Dec. 12, 1915, the only child of working-class Italian-American immigrants, in a tenement at 415 Monroe St. in Hoboken. His father, Anthony, was a boxer/fireman in Hoboken. His mother, Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra, worked as a barmaid who loved to sing at family gatherings. Music always filled the Sinatra home. In high school, he saw his hero, Bing Crosby, perform live. This was all the inspiration Sinatra needed to set his goal as becoming a professional singer. Sinatra, while working jobs at The Jersey Observer, sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, He also appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows, where first prize was usually $10 or a set of dishes. His first professional gig was at the Rustic Cabin roadhouse in Englewood Cliffs, where Sinatra sang, told jokes and emceed when he wasn't waiting tables. At the request of his mother Frank enrolled in Hoboken's Stevens Institute of Technology , but he soon dropped out after 1 ½ semesters. In 1939 he was offered his first professional singing contract as the lead vocalist in Harry James' new band. When Sinatra started performing with the "Big Bands" he acquired a fierce following of young fans, which enabled him to later branch out as a solo artist. It was at this time that Sinatra's career soared. Sinatra was signed to a recording contract as a soloist by Columbia Recording Corporation. Sinatra had developed a highly innovative style of singing and finally could make decisions on how the band should play or how a song should be sung. If he wanted something changed, it was changed. A talent agency marketing Sinatra advertised him as: "The Voice That Thrilled Millions." This was later changed to "The Voice." This would be on of his many labels for life. Havi... ... himself. "He was modern, he was complex, he had swing and attitude. He was the big bang of pop...the man invented pop music." To call a person the best, or the greatest is a opinionated, unfair, assumption. Frank Sinatra is the exception to that statement. No other entertainer of this century can even hold a candle to the imprint that Frank Sinatra has left on society. He was the nice dressed, heavy drinking, romancer, who's voice touched the hears of millions. Never again will a single person come along on this earth that will dominate the world of music movies, radio, and set the standards of the modern culture. The world is just a giant school and Frank is the most popular kid in class. On May 15th, 1998, the world lost the body of Frank Sinatra, but not the presence of him. Frank Sinatra will live in the hearts of fans as long as there is a sun in the sky. Each day the earth spins a new Sinatra fan is born. "One of Sinatra's favorite toasts to make with a glass in hand was, 'May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine,'" recalled crooner Tony Bennett, a longtime friend. "The master is gone but his voice will live forever." frank sinatra Essay -- essays research papers Immortality is defined as eternal life. Frank Sinatra is one who will live forever. His music, his movies, his attitude, his eyes, whatever it is you remember him for, all the same, he IS greatness. Few people come along in the course of life that can be labeled great, Frankie is the symbol of greatness. Tens of millions of recordings, nine Grammys and two Academy Awards, over 60 films, worldwide tours, television specials, hundreds of millions of dollars raised for charities. Sinatra passed the tests of time with grades better than though could be achieved, this is his story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sinatra was born Dec. 12, 1915, the only child of working-class Italian-American immigrants, in a tenement at 415 Monroe St. in Hoboken. His father, Anthony, was a boxer/fireman in Hoboken. His mother, Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra, worked as a barmaid who loved to sing at family gatherings. Music always filled the Sinatra home. In high school, he saw his hero, Bing Crosby, perform live. This was all the inspiration Sinatra needed to set his goal as becoming a professional singer. Sinatra, while working jobs at The Jersey Observer, sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, He also appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows, where first prize was usually $10 or a set of dishes. His first professional gig was at the Rustic Cabin roadhouse in Englewood Cliffs, where Sinatra sang, told jokes and emceed when he wasn't waiting tables. At the request of his mother Frank enrolled in Hoboken's Stevens Institute of Technology , but he soon dropped out after 1 ½ semesters. In 1939 he was offered his first professional singing contract as the lead vocalist in Harry James' new band. When Sinatra started performing with the "Big Bands" he acquired a fierce following of young fans, which enabled him to later branch out as a solo artist. It was at this time that Sinatra's career soared. Sinatra was signed to a recording contract as a soloist by Columbia Recording Corporation. Sinatra had developed a highly innovative style of singing and finally could make decisions on how the band should play or how a song should be sung. If he wanted something changed, it was changed. A talent agency marketing Sinatra advertised him as: "The Voice That Thrilled Millions." This was later changed to "The Voice." This would be on of his many labels for life. Havi... ... himself. "He was modern, he was complex, he had swing and attitude. He was the big bang of pop...the man invented pop music." To call a person the best, or the greatest is a opinionated, unfair, assumption. Frank Sinatra is the exception to that statement. No other entertainer of this century can even hold a candle to the imprint that Frank Sinatra has left on society. He was the nice dressed, heavy drinking, romancer, who's voice touched the hears of millions. Never again will a single person come along on this earth that will dominate the world of music movies, radio, and set the standards of the modern culture. The world is just a giant school and Frank is the most popular kid in class. On May 15th, 1998, the world lost the body of Frank Sinatra, but not the presence of him. Frank Sinatra will live in the hearts of fans as long as there is a sun in the sky. Each day the earth spins a new Sinatra fan is born. "One of Sinatra's favorite toasts to make with a glass in hand was, 'May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine,'" recalled crooner Tony Bennett, a longtime friend. "The master is gone but his voice will live forever."

Chris Nolan Auteur Essay

Auteur theory could be applied to Christopher Nolan as his films feature recurring elements, the theory its self, derives from an â€Å"influential group of French film critics and film makers during the 1950’s† (Nykki Montano film 110). Auteur theory examines the individual creative vision and personal perspective of the director, an auteur will feature recurring themes in their films, from using the same actors as the protagonist for their films to even using the same cinematographer and composer for the soundtrack. The unique qualities that make Christopher Nolan an auteur are that, for most of his movies Nolan plays on the fragility of memory, for example giving his characters split personality’s or memory loss. This can be seen in Nolan’s 2000 film Memento. The Film Memento isn’t the type of film that has a definite answer. The movie is actually just one big interpretive question. The basic question on everyone’s mind being â€Å"what is actually going on in this movie?† Since the story is told backwards and is about a man, Leonard Shelby (played by Guy Pearce) who suffers from a memory disorder. Nolan and Guy’s character state, â€Å"It’s not amnesia.† This makes the movie even more questionable, because the audience is given another factor of confusion that is, can this character be trusted. The way Nolan portrays the joker in the dark night is also typical of the director, as the joker is given no identity, much like Leonard Shelby in Memento Another trait of is that he frequently uses hard cuts when transitioning to the next scene. This is noticeable in his films from ‘Batman Begins’ onward, especially in The Dark Knight, as in some instances, the hard cuts he uses will go so far as to nearly cut off character’s lines in order to quickly and efficiently get to the next scene.

buy custom Military History essay

buy custom Military History essay The first units of the US military faced the enemy in the Pacific Theater. The Japanese forces coupled their attacks on the Pearl Harbor. This was mainly by assaulting the American airbases in the Philippines. They used air strikes that were destructive in the attack which commenced on December 22, 1941. The Japanese attack forced the American on Luzon (James, 1992). General Douglas MacArthur commanded the American forces to retreat from Manila via the bay to the BataanPeninsula. The Japanese entrance took place on the 2-nd of January, 1942. By this time, General Douglas MacArthur had moved his headquarters to Corregidor from its former Manila premises. Japan blockaded the islands making reinforcements by the defenders impossible. They also stepped in with the superiority in the air, and this situation made the defending forces unable to defend. It is during this period of the deteriorated situation that President Roosevelt commanded General Douglas A. MacArthur to take command in Australia. He was to lead the allied forces that were in the South West Pacific assisted by Brig. Gen. Spencer B. Akin. The doomed garrison was immediately transferred to the ruler ship of Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright (James, 1992). MacArthur formed a group called the Bataan gang, which fell in April, 1942. The American forces that remained in Corregidor were under the intense aerial artillery bombardment. In the next few weeks, this became a no mans area due to the heavy bombardment. There were constant bomb and shell attacks, and the wire lines could not be maintained owing to the situation. The military army moved its headquarters to the Malinta Tunnel, which was an extensive tunnel that was situated underground. The tunnel had a hospital and some machine shops as well as storehouses. This made it easy for them to survive (Russell, 2009). Furthermore, they were able to use theory armys radio station while in the tunnel. It is, however, notable that most of the army officers had been suffering from many diseases and malnutrition by the end of April. The Japanese forces destroyed all the defense of the Americans. They landed on Corregidor on the 5th of May, 1942. Wainriaght was made to surrender due to the stat e of his defense. The supplies of water and ammunition were no extinct. The offcers than became prisoners of the Japanese attackers. The American forces invaded Southern Solomons in summer 1942. This measure was meant to stop the Japanese forces from isolating communication between America and Australia. The Japanese accepted the landing, but they later retaliated violently. The combatants led to massive battles, which were on air, in land, and even in the sea. The army later committed two divisions in Guadalcanal. In December, 1942, they arrived and did offensive operations that were launched in January 1943. Atlantic/European/North African Theaters The Signal Corps was involved in a great combat in North Africa. The United States army took its first operations to invade Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. This was an extended offensive operation. These were then the colonies of the French government. General Dwight D. Eisenhower acted as an overall commander of the army. He was American in nature, but his staff consisted of American and British officers. The chief officer was an American called Brig. Gen. Jerry V Matejka. The American units, however, formed the bulk of the force that was attacking (Roscoe, 1949). At the initiation of the attack, the communication center was located at the Rock of Gibraltar. On November 8, 1942, the American and British a forces formed operation TORCH. The Signal Corps was charged with the substantial tests so far (Folly, 2002). It formed a distinct company whose role was to handle the shore party communications. The naval gunfire knocked many shipboard radios. The allies at this stage showed that they lacked experience in every aspect of warfare. The British seemed to be better versed even with communication, and in most instances, they were quick to take the lead. They had scarcity of vehicles, and this caused the transportation to be slow in this region. The signal apparatus were also dysfunctional. The signal personnel were also not well-trained to handle the apparatus. In North African experience, many of the soldiers were moved up from the amateurs into the veterans. There was a new innovation in the theatre (Eliot, 1988). The Signal Corps was able to overcome its problems in North Africa; it contributed to the campaigns that were succeessful until they ended in 1943. It got a mighty victory in Tunisia in 1943. The corps had a central role of coordinating the air ground and the sea operations of all the allied forces. It thus received recognition from the units (Folly, 2002). In December 1941, Germany and Italy declared that they would wage the war with the Americans. The Jews who lived in Europe were the main targets in the war. Hitlers other targets included Slavs, Poles, and Gypsies. Sicily was also invaded in an attempt to make the Mediterranean a safe ground for allied shipping. This forced the Italians out of the war and diverted the Egyptians from the Russian front. The corps used all the lessons that were learned in Africa (Buchanan, 1964). The international Magna Carta of all men everywhere. We hope its proclamation by the General Assembly will be an event comparable to the proclamation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man by the French people of 1789, the adoption of the Bill of Rights by the people of the United States, and the adoptions of comparable at the different times in other countries It is also important to note that Roosevelt was the member and chairperson of the commission that represented the nations diversity which included-: Belgium, Australia, china, Byelorussia, France Egypt, Iran, India, Panama, Lebanon, Ukraine, Philippines, United States, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Yugoslavia, and USSR (Meade and Wiesner-Hanks 27). Eleanor Roosevelt and other framers who were gifted who for long had been by her side shared her spirit of committee of UNESCO. For a span of one year she worked hard to draft the document. She was assisted by other gifted scholars. Despite lot of objections from political and philosophical rivalries, individual commissioner felt the need for it and in the end contributed by putting aside philosophical and personal differences. The ideological differences often stood on the way of the commission on human rights, and subsequently the sour relations between the west and the east made things hard for the commission (Fredrickson 72). It shall be remembered that Eleanor Roosevelt with a lot of determination managed to convince a number of government administration to adopt the Universal Declarations and incorporate it in their socioeconomics. Buy custom Military History essay

Essay on Exposure of the issue about privacy and surveillance on the social network the research of social networks effects on adolescents aged 13-19 years old by Leona LiEssay Writing Service

Essay on Exposure of the issue about privacy and surveillance on the social network the research of social networks effects on adolescents aged 13-19 years old by Leona LiEssay Writing Service Essay on Exposure of the issue about privacy and surveillance on the social network: the research of social networks effects on adolescents aged 13-19 years old by Leona Li Essay on Exposure of the issue about privacy and surveillance on the social network: the research of social networks effects on adolescents aged 13-19 years old by Leona LiSocial media can be used as an effective tool for socialization. Many people prefer to utilize new forms of social media in order to be connected with the society they live in. It is necessary to realize the significance of the relationship between social networks and the society. Special attention should be paid to the way the mediated technologies influence adolescents because their perception of the society can be viewed as initial perception, which requires further development.   As a result, adolescents can be manipulated easily by the social media.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to recent studies, adolescents can be both positively and negatively influenced by the content of the social media, e.g. social networking sites. For example, much information found on the social network carr ies violence because of violent indicators.   In general, adolescents may ignore the information, which plays an important role in providing the control over privacy issues of adolescents. In addition, many adolescents cannot identify the key aspects of the content provided to them. Therefore, I will place emphasis on the exposure to the issue about privacy and surveillance on the social network in my research. I will be focused on adolescents aged 13-19 years old, exploring both negative and positive influences of the social media content based on the issues of privacy and surveillance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers pay due attention to the privacy issues in their studies, especially if these issues are connected with the social media content. For example, â€Å"the danger of cyberstaking and communicating with strangers online† (Barnes, 2006) may have negative impact on adolescents. Nevertheless, the area of research study should be limited. In o rder to have a better understanding of the above mentioned   privacy issues, it is necessary refer to Danah Boyd’s study regarding the role of adolescents involved in the social media playing field (2007) and the study conducted by Albrechtslund (2008) regarding the role of participatory surveillance from the social networks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on my primary readings and research-based practices, my hypothesis will be the more information is provided to adolescents regarding privacy and surveillance issues on the social networks, the less harm will be made by the existing negative social media content. The most suitable research method for providing a comprehensive research on the required topic will be the quantitative research method. This research method will help to conduct an experiment through quantitative interviews of random adolescents aged13-19 years old as the sample of the experiment. The research question will be: what is the impa ct of the social media networks on adolescents’ awareness of the relationship between the society and themselves based on the issues of Privacy and Surveillance?Literature Review  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of Privacy and Surveillance in the social media has been widely discussed in scientific literature, especially in the field of media studies. Researchers take into consideration the role of the relationship with adolescents, highlighting the negative effects of the social media. Nevertheless, there is much evidence that both sides of the issue of Privacy and Surveillance influence the awareness of adolescents regarding the relationship between mediated technologies and the society. It has been found that the social media and adolescents are closely connected in the way they interact; therefore, it is not easy to define either the social networks or adolescents can dominate in this interaction.   Adolescents may experience surveillance on the soc ial media both in a positive and negative way. Thus, adolescents should be focused on the understanding of their role in the social networks.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Susan B. Barnes states in her essay â€Å"A Privacy Paradox: Social networking in the United States† that the phenomenon of privacy issues of adolescents should be explored better, for example the uploading of their private information in social networking, because the consequences may be negative. She conducted a classroom survey, which involved the opinions of adolescents regarding the social media. The findings of her research pointy out to the fact that the social networks may become â€Å"a form of entertainment† for many adolescents. Moreover, some of adolescents may even â€Å"ignore the difference between life online and off–line†(Barnes, 2006). Barnes shows the relationship between the social media and adolescents in a way that is based on the negative aspects of the effects of the social media on adolescents, placing emphasis on the privacy issues.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having analyzed a wide range of articles, I may conclude that it is difficult to give a clear definition to the issues of privacy and surveillance on the social media. According to Mark Andrew’s study, â€Å"The work of being watched: Interactive Media and the Exploration of Self-Disclosure†(2002) and Danah Boyd’s study, â€Å"Social networks Sites: Public, Pirate or What?† the issues of privacy and surveillance can be defined from the perspective of time and space. According to Danah Boyd, the sample of her study involves adolescents and the way they are â€Å"socialized into a society complicated by shifts in the public and private† (Boyd, 2007). However, Andrew points out to the fact that the surveillance issues regarding the social media use cannot be considered as the â€Å"disappearance of privacy for per userâ €  because these issues can be assessed as the â€Å"shift in control over personal information from individuals to Private Corporation† (Andrew, 2002). According to Barnes (2006), â€Å"surveillance systems can exert the same type of control in contemporary culture†(p. 6) Andrew is focused on his study on both the positive and negative aspects of the social media influence and the role of surveillance, defining it from general perspective.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to recent study conducted by Anders Albrechtslund (2008), the privacy issues in the social media may have different consequences in relation to adolescents, while the surveillance issues on the social media are â€Å"something potentially empowering, subjectivity building and even playful† (p. 19). Thus, Albrechtslund states that surveillance can be perceived as an online content that requires the separation into several parts, depending on the context. For example, one of them is â€Å"the hierarchical, vertical concept of surveillance† (Albrechtslund, 2008).   Fundamentally, this concept shows the positive impact of surveillance.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My research will be based on the continuation of the studies mentioned above. I will study the exposure of the issues of privacy and surveillance on the social network based on the effects on adolescents aged 13-19 years old. The sample in my experiment will be a special group of adolescents aged 13-19 because this age period plays an important role in   the education transformation from high school level to college or university levels. Based on my literature review, I realize that it is crucial for me to explore the definitions of the terms like â€Å"surveillance† and â€Å"privacy issues† more profoundly.