Hardy Weinberg

Statement of the overall results The frequencies matched and no number was off meaning that the Hardy Weinberg principle was used correctly. When counting and figuring out the two different equations the numbers fit together. ‘V. Materials: 1. 100 blue beads 2. 100 white beads 3. Two containers to put the beads in 4. Paper 5. Pencil 6. Calculator V. Results/Data: Figure 1 In the above picture labeled â€Å"Figure 1†, the simulation of the production of 100 offspring was recorded. This came from random mating of the â€Å"parental population† (the blue and white beads).Each offspring is represented by a pair of beads (which represent the gametes), the genotypes are as follows; B, B, b their frequencies are recorded in the table below: Table 1 Genotype Frequency Bad-homozygous dominant 26 B-heterozygous 50 b-homozygous recessive 24 Alleles B- black fur 103 b- white fur 97 A. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle predicts that genotypes frequencies of offspring will be the sa me as those of the parental generation. This prediction Was true for this lab, this conclusion can be made because all Of the offspring were either of black and or white fur.B. There are five major assumptions for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if one of them was violated then the frequencies would end up being different, NY one of them could cause this, most likely the mutation one because that would cause for different offspring to happen and thus for different frequencies. Genotype Frequency Table Frequency 0. 26 0. 5 b 0. 24 Phenotype Frequency Table Phenotype B 0. 51 0. 49 A. There are 200 alleles present for the trait of fur color. B. There are a total of 100 beads to represent black fur and 100 beads to represent white fur.C. 1 00 beads represent the population. VI. Conclusions: The hypothesis â€Å"If students follow the Hardy Weinberg directions properly then their traits will fit into the law because no other evolutionary influences ill interrupt this lab† is accep ted. The hypothesis made at the beginning of the lab was accepted because the students did follow the Hardy Weinberg directions properly and their traits did fit into the Hardy Weinberg law because none of the frequencies came out wrong.It can be concluded that none of the five major assumptions for Hardy Weinberg were violated which is why the frequencies fit into the law. The lab relates to the lecture because students are currently discussing evolution and how it works. The Hardy Weinberg principle involves evolution because it discusses how genotype regencies would be if no other evolutionary influences were present. Something that doesn't necessarily happen since in the real world there are evolutionary influences present all over the world and in all of the populations.The lab is significant because it allows students to see how the world would be if we didn't have any evolutionary influences present in our world, influences such as mutations, natural selection, genetic drift/ migration, etc. The lab relates to the real life because it helps to explain why humans and other earth's organisms are the way they are, and that is because of evolution. Evolution has helped humans to become more resistant to diseases, and it has helped some organisms survive for as long as possible (or at least long enough to reproduce).If real life was the way the Hardy Weinberg principle requires it to be then some organisms on earth wouldn't be here, this is something that this lab allowed students to understand. The lab can be applied to the scientific field of genetics. The lab can be applied to this field because geneticists look at organisms genes and by understanding the Hardy Weinberg principle then they would understand the way evolution arks and how it affects the different genes that different organisms have.The lab could improve by having smaller groups, this improvement is needed because it is hard for such big groups to do math together. There were times were one p erson would count a specific amount of beads and then the other two partners would count something different and then the whole group would get really confused which is why it would be better to have smaller groups to avoid the confusion. Another improvement would be to obtain more beads, maybe this was the reason such big groups were made, so if ore beads were available then smaller groups would be made.One error would be the one described above, students were having a hard time with keeping count of their beads, one way to avoid this without making smaller groups would be to write down the numbers and not split up the numbers between group members. Another error was that some beads were dropped and thus the numbers were messed up, a way to avoid this would be to have bigger beads that won't fall so easily. A new question that students could investigate would be, what if their parental population mixed with another group? R what if a new bead color (new population) was introduced? VI. Lab Questions: 1 .Allele- one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. 2. Gene- a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. 3. Dominant allele- An allele that expresses its phenotypes effect even when heterozygous with a recessive allele. This one is the stronger allele. 4. Recessive allele- The opposite of a dominant allele, this one has a weaker allele. . Homozygous- a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait. 6.Heterozygous- a pair Of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive Verifying the Hardy-Weinberg Principle 1 . There are five conditions that a population must meet in order to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, those conditions are as follows; No genetic drift, No migration, No mutation, No selection, and random mating so no differential reproduction. 2. The perce nt for the recessive allele is 30, meaning that the left over is the percent for the dominant allele: 70%. With Hardy Weinberg second equation (pap+ups+qua -? 1) one can see that the heterozygous is represented by the (ups) part, by putting the numbers in place ( xx . X . 3) then the answer would be obtained, which is 42. 42 is the frequency of the dominant allele. 3. The frequency for the dominant allele is 0. 51 when the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is . 49 4. If the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype is 0. 36 then the frequency of the dominant allele is 0. 64. 5. Fifth frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype is 0. 49 then the frequency of the anonymous recessive genotype is 0. 51 6. The two Hardy Weinberg Equations are: up + ups + q = 1 a.The first equation (p + q = 1) relates to the frequencies of the alleles at a particular gene locus b. The second equation (up + ups + q = 1) relates to the frequencies of the genotypes for a particular gene lo cus. C. The first equation (p + q = 1) relates to the frequencies of the phenotypes for a gene. Questions for Further Thought 1 . Natural selection allows for the â€Å"sundial of the fittest† meaning that if there is a human who has no mouth then this human will not survive because he/ he cannot feed and thus will be selected to die and not reproduce because it is not adapted to fir environment.A perfect, real example are finches, they have different beaks because they have accommodated their bodies depending to the environment, these beaks will allow them to survive more than the other finches who haven't gone through natural selection. 2. Natural selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. It can drive evolution because it can change the population and eventually the whole population will be changed because those organisms are the ones that survived and lived on, the ones that didn't survive did n't successfully go through natural selection.

Horniman Horticulture Essay

Executive Summary: Horniman Horticulture is a wholesale nursery located near Lynchburg, VA. Its owned by Bob and Maggie Brown. From 2002-2005, the nursery’s operations grew by more then 40%. Revenue growth has exceeded the industry benchmark. The nursery now consists of 52 greenhouses, 40 acres of land, and 12 full-time workers as well as 15 seasonal workers. Problem: While experiencing booming demand and improving margins, the Browns are confused by their plummeting cash balance. Analysis: Horniman’s current assets are growing over time, but in a less liquid fashion, less from cash and more from receivables and inventory. Horniman is not receiving money as quickly as they would hope, which is shown by the 9-day increase in receivable days since 2002 (exhibit 2 p.141). This figure is also well above its benchmark. The Inventory days increased every year as well and was well above the benchmark of 386.3. Payable days decreased much more than was expected, to 9.9 in 2005 when the benchmark was 27. What most likely happened is that as Horniman grew, it began selling inventories with higher margins and better financing options were being offered to its customers. Favorable terms are attractive to new clients but it can also increase risk of non-payment from customers. In terms of where the cash they have made is going, we must look at how they are distributing their cash flow. Most cash was invested back into the business itself to build capital. It seems as if every dollar of profit was put towards more net working capital. Recommendation: Increasing the payable days or lowering the day’s receivable outstanding would reduce the cash conversion cycle. Although it is important to invest cash back into the company for growth, a more conservative approach of holding on to more cash would benefit Horniman in the future.

Jesus-ChristI am statement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jesus-ChristI am statement - Research Paper Example Although the Old Testament manifestly described the characteristics accredited to Christ’s sacred personality, yet a large number of the Jews of Nazareth turned against him out of sheer feelings of jealousy, and thus refused to recognize him as the promised Messiah . Instead of acknowledging the qualities and character of this great holy personality, the people raised unconditional opposition against Jesus for worldly gains, pecuniary benefits and temporary socioeconomic statuses. They not only refuted to comply with the bright teachings Jesus had brought along with him, but also proved themselves as his arch enemies in such a manner that they were determined to assassinate the holy personality in order to sabotage the spread of holy light in the world. Although, they claimed to be the people of God and having command as well as right to interpret and explain the Mosaic laws described in the Ten Commandments revealed on Moses from the Lord, yet they were actually the transgres sors and had gone astray from the right path of glory and righteousness. They used to cite Scriptures for their own purposes, and put aside all the noble teachings in their conduct and mannerism. It is therefore Christ had declared them as the hypocrites, who had separated mercy and justice while making judgments and announcing decisions in the light of Mosaic laws. (Matt, 23, II: 23-24) He was pelted with stones and was tormented and tortured, but his foot never wavered in the face of hardships. â€Å"The Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.† (Matthew 20:28) Somehow, the sacred message was to get popularized in every corner of the universe. It is therefore the Lord saved Jesus from becoming prey to the nefarious designs articulated by the king and masses of the era for the elimination of the teachings presented by Jesus and his noble message from the very face of the world. Book of John throws light on the same, and t he verses under analysis point out to the Jesus’ last days of his First Arrival on the earth. In the Book of John 7-8, Jesus Christ not only appears to be aware of the hatred and malice the Jews maintained in their minds and hearts for him, but also looks well-acquainted with the very conspiracy well-knitted against his life by the people of Nazareth. He expressively reveals the ill intentions of his enemies, and warns them that they could not reach his destination even devising conspiracies and intrigues against him due to the very reality that they were unaware of Jesus’ journey and destination (in the high heavens). He clearly reveals that his arrival and departure is completely dependent of the will of God (John 7:29), and hence he has been appointed by Him to convey to the people the noble message of God. It is therefore he is not afraid of any threat or challenge arose by the people of Nazareth against Christ. In the verse under-analysis, Jesus rightly declares h imself as the light of the world, which would illuminate all parts and corners of the world by grace of his noble teachings, extreme tolerance, mercy, love, compassion and kindness he always displayed while entering into encounters and interactions with others. His mercy was not confined to one stratum only; on the contrary, he showed great love and meekness

Directors Duties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Directors Duties - Essay Example Directors exercise these powers by passing resolutions at board meetings. In the prevailing scenario where Wendy and Greg are directors of the block Ltd, there is a breach of directors' duties. Therefore the directors will be held liable for their acts. In this regard there is breach of:- The directors' of a company are expected to perform their functions with reasonable care and attention. They must discharge their duties and obligations with skill and diligence as expected from a reasonable person of his knowledge and experience. They (directors) are however not liable for bonafide error of judgment as observed by Romer J. in Re City Equitable fire insurance company 3. In this case the company collapsed due to bad investments and bad debts and misappropriation caused by fraudulent acts of a director. The company suffered a loss to the tune of 1,200,000 are eventually was ordered to be would up. The director was convicted for his fraud and negligence. He was however acquitted in appeal because of an exception clause in the articles to hold directors liable only for gross negligence. In Jorchester finance Co. Ltd v. ... hat the duty of care extends uniformly to all directors whether they are executive on directors of a company were held liable for the loss caused to the company due to their negligence in signing blank cheques which enabled the executive directors to enter the amount as they pleased in those cheques _______________ 3. Dr. H.V. Paranjape, Company law, 2000 4. Wardman, K. Abbott, Business law, 2001 . As regards the standard of care and skill expected from directors in performance of their duties, courts seem to unanimously agree that it is that of a reasonable person who with the same knowledge and experience would exercise in the situation. However, a distinction has been drawn between the standard of care and the standard of skill. For assessing a standard of care, the test of objective, while for the standard of skill is subjective. In this regard Wendy and Greg never exercised duty of care and skill. We are told that at the general meeting they failed to take suggestions of Kirstein and other Shareholders who were concerned about the company's expansion yet there was a fall in apartment prices. Further Greg's order of 50,000 from Alfonzo was not in good faith since name of the directors or shareholders was informed of the loan. Therefore the two directors Wendy and Greg lacked the duty of skill and care towards the company. b) Fiduciary Duties The duties of good faith and honesty arising out of fiduciary the fiduciary relationship between the director and his company are analogous to those of a trustee. The law imposes these duties upon the directors so that they are not allowed 'capitalize strategic position in the company to serve their own interests5' The Australian, uniform Companies Act has incorporated statutory provisions containing an explicit

Ethics, wk 6, forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics, wk 6, forum - Essay Example They are not two opposite techniques that are against each other. If we analyze traditional policing techniques it is obvious that some of its practices are adopted by community policing. The different of the former from the latter is that the latter is broader in practice; while traditional policing is more reactive in nature. One thing that plays a vital role in community policing is interpersonal skills which definitely is a missing component in traditional policing. Interpersonal skills and oral communications are necessary components of community policing. A police officer who practices community policing must have the ability to develop rapport with citizens, so that trust can be built between community residents and the police. For example, one FTO wrote, "PT[2] is polite when speaking with citizens and suspects and is able to gather the necessary information to complete the investigation." (Chappell, 2007) During 2007, rate of violence and crime rises to a great extent in United States as compare to 2006. The rate rises to almost 1.1 percent in countries which were non-metropolitan and in different cities which has the population ranges between 10,000 till 24, 999. In metropolitan countries murder rates rises to 4.9 percent, in cities which has inhabitants for about 50,000 and 99,999 it raises to 3.2%. Burglary rates increases to 3.5 percent which definitely shows the need of proper strategy implemented by police to reduce crime. (Polite, 2010) There is no doubt in the fact the today’s crimes is complex as ever before. With the emerging crime rate, it is very obvious that traditional policing is not enough. Nowadays, police needs to be more active in the lives of the people they serve rather than just fight the wrong when it is committed. The strategies adopted by community policing is definitely going to take over the traditional policing efforts as now the scenario has

Modern World History - Assimilation & Exclusion in Societies Research Paper

Modern World History - Assimilation & Exclusion in Societies - Research Paper Example Burchardt et al defined social exclusion as â€Å"†¦the attempt of one group to secure for itself a privileged position at the expense of some other group through a process of subordination..† (p.2). Social exclusion has existed in so many ways and forms in societies. South East Asia generally refers to the nations east of the Indian sub-continent and west of China and the Indian Ocean islands south of these nations. It includes Burma, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Most of the people living in these areas speak dialects of the Austronesian family of languages and they share similar cultural practices and animist religious traits (McKay, p.429). In the 13th Century, Jewish, Christian and Muslim influences were felt in the region by traders. After the 1300s the Muslims established the Malacca which became a trading entry point and flourished in trade (McKay, 430) In 1511, the Portuguese captured Malacca and the Spanish occupied Manilla in 1571. Th is marked the beginning of world-class social exclusion in this region. The Europeans sent missionaries to convert the Southeast Asians with a view of training them to integrate into their Europeanized colonies. Mendelssohn & Marika report that the Europeans used the support of these Europeanized natives to suppress ‘inferior’ tribes. ... They were granted second grade status. (Bauer, p79) In 1599, a Dutch fleet containing large quantities of spices returned to Amsterdam and this prospect caused them to establish the Dutch East Indies Company with the intention of taking over the spice trade from the Portuguese (Kagan et al p.77). The Dutch East Indies Company became the national tool for the colonization of several islands in South East Asia by the 1700s. Britain followed with the colonization of Malaysia and some other lands in the region whilst the French took over the territory now known as Vietnam. The next thing that followed was widespread social exclusion, where white Europeans were living privileged lives on the socio-economic plane whilst the natives toiled on the farms. â€Å"In Southeast Asia, economic profit was the immediate and primary aim of the colonial enterprise. For that purpose, colonial powers tried wherever possible to work with local elites to facilitate the exploitation of natural resources. Indirect rule reduced the cost of training European administrators and had a less severe impact on the social group.† (Duiker, p36). The colonial powers forced the natives to work hard on plantations in very harsh conditions. The Europeans exported all the products, mainly palm oil and spices to Europe, which they sold for very high profit margins. Duiker reports that the South East Asian barely had enough to feed himself and his family. However, the Europeans and their ‘priyayi’ (native collaborators) enjoyed luxurious lives in Southeast Asia whilst the locals were denied rights to basic necessities like education, healthcare and justice. The main advantage of colonialism is that it set the stage for the modernization of these nations.

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company Assignment - 1

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company - Assignment Example The annual interest rate is 8%. 2. The Equipment was purchased prior to 2010. The company uses the straight-line method, assumed a $2,000 salvage value and an estimated useful life of 15 years. Record depreciation expense for 2010. 3. The company issued a $175,000 bond in a prior year at face value. The bond has a contract rate of 9% and pays interest annually on January 1st. Record the adjusting entry for the accrued interest expense on December 31st. 4. The company uses the allowance method to estimate its uncollectible accounts. The new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) decided to use the percent of receivables method and estimated that 10% of Accounts Receivables at December 31, 2010, will be uncollectible. Record the adjusting entry for bad debt expense for 2010. 6. Employees were last paid on December 24, 2010. Several employees worked through December 31st and wages due but not yet paid were $4,200. An adjusting entry needs to be recorded to reflect this liability. Use the space below for T-accounts (REQUIRED FOR GRADING). For each account in the journal entries, you will need to adjust the balance from the preliminary trial balance with the debit or credit from the journal entry. (only need to do T-accounts for those that change) Part 2: Using the trial balance below, complete the income statement and prepare the Statement of Retained Earnings and Classified Balance Sheet on the pages which follow.  

The Legalization of Same-sex Marriages Research Paper

The Legalization of Same-sex Marriages - Research Paper Example This can be seen as an extension of the discrimination that homosexual individuals have to face in the society. The lack of legalization also results in a lesser number of families amongst the homosexual communities across the world. In a society that still does not recognize any other social unit as much as the family, the lack of recognition for homosexual families can result in psychological problems that may lead to many problems for the individuals involved. This paper shall look at the psychological aspect of the problem and argue that the problems faced by such couples has a lot to do with the lack of legal recognition that they receive at the hands of the state and religious groups that they may be a part of. This paper shall examine the different aspects of the problem at hand and attempt to look at the perspectives that different groups endorse as far as same-sex marriage is concerned. There are several arguments that are used against the institutionalization of gay marriag es. One of the most important of such arguments is advanced by religious conservatives who argue that there is a need to improve the health of the institution of marriage. They cite the high divorce rates and the general lack of belief that the youth of today demonstrates in marriage as reasons for it to be preserved as a bastion of heterosexual normativity (Overview of Same-Sex Marriage in the United States). In many of these arguments is visible a strain of religious orthodoxy that bestows n heterosexual marriages the mantle of legitimacy. What is important here is that in such arguments, a marriage is defined as one where there is a certain level of productivity. It is true that same-sex marriages do not result in a traditional production of children. It therefore, is against conventional ideas of a marriage where one of the most important aspects is that of procreation. Heterosexual marriages, according to those who oppose same-sex marriages, weaken the foundations of marriage a s a social institution. While looking at children as only part of the reason for marriage, one removes the focus from marriage as an institution meant for procreation. This results in a greater emphasis on individuality and this weakens the concept of the couple as a sacrosanct unit. This can then be considered to be a reason for the frequent breakups of marriages and the condition that children of such marriages find themselves in. Another argument against the implementation of the clause of same-sex marriages is that it is considered to be too divisive to take up. This can be seen in the reluctance that certain institutions of the state have in pursuing it to a logical conclusion (Hope and fear in gay marriage cases at high court). There is a chance that there may be chaos in the violence that may result from the implementation of such a decision. Here, violence is not meant in merely a physical sense. The mental and psychological stress that may result in the people who are homos exual and live amongst a largely heterosexual community is something that is avoidable. Thus, there is the fear of a backlash from communities who feel that their sentiments are not taken into account by the state. This may lead to the breaking of neighborhoods and relationships that are forged without taking into account the sexual orientation of a person. The importance of such relationships cannot be disregarded as they result in many transactions that an individual is a part of.  Ã‚  

Advertising is the backbone of a business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising is the backbone of a business - Essay Example However different types of people get attracted to different types of approaches as portrayed by the brands and businesses. which I was tempted only to buy after watching the different advertisements given by them. Nike has adopted a universal approach to hiring superstars in their advertisements and this adds to an advantage to the brand. The brand not only shows professionalism in its advertisements but also adds humour to them. Both these approaches amalgamated together to tempt the people to buy its products. I personally had no interest in playing sports prior to watching the advertisements of Nike. However, after watching Roger Federer in the ads of Nike I was tempted to buy products from Nike. The ad in which a fake coach barges in the house of Federer and makes him practice has a tinge of humour in it which forced me to buy not only the racket but also the shoes of Nike. Humor should be an important part of the advertisements given out by brands and businesses as it forces on e to watch the ad continuously. Furthermore, after watching this ad continuously, one is forced to buy the product. The most effective form of advertisement which tempts me to buy products is of humour and professionalism. The ads of Nike show the professionalism of stars and show us the reality of this world. Shoes, rackets, balls and apparels attract me the most through advertisements. Advertising plays a major role in my life as it tells me about the products I am looking for.

E-Procurement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-Procurement - Assignment Example Deptt. prepares a â€Å"Components List† 2) The components list is then forwarded to the Planning Deptt., which plans Product Codes (for new components, if any) and schedule reservation; 3) Thereafter the list is handed-over to the Purchase Deptt. for raising a Purchase Order (PO). In case of new requirements, three quotations are first obtained from different suppliers. Finally the PO is created, signed by two persons – i.e DGM Commercial and GM Technical and then delivered to the supplier. 4) Once goods are received, Inspection checks the quality of goods and if found ok, it hands-over to the Store, which makes a Goods Receipt (GR) upon receiving the goods 5) Planning then prepares a â€Å"Pick List† of the required components and gives it to Production for issuance of components from the Store. 6) Upon receipt of supplier’s invoice, items & amount charged are reconciled and then payments are made to the supplier. 7) The performance of Purchase Deptt. is checked through certain KPIs set by the Company while suppliers’ performance is analyzed by means of assigning different grading. Ans# 3: Three key advantages of using e-Procurement over manual processes: 1) Using e-Technology and an integrated ERP application, automates & speeds up business processes related to the production of goods and services. 2) It also serves as a tool in sourcing new suppliers and tendering bids whilst cutting down material cost 3) It ensures modernization which keeps your workplace up to date with the latest procurement/selling techniques. Ans# 4: Three critical process flows of e-Procurement system: 1) Data integrity: In case of error in a PO shall cause incorrect delivery/shipment. Therefore an extra care needs to be taken when preparing & submitting a PO to the supplier. 2) Availability: Ensuring availability of the required material is a critical part of e-Procurement, as the firm is committed to timely delivery of the finished goods to its cus tomers. 3) Inventory Management: Being a fully integrated system, a small error has a large impact. For Instance, it could result in over-stocking or under-stocking of inventory or distracting inventories’ safety level, etc. Ans# 5: How EDI works? The diagram below shows a two-way nature of EDI. For example, if a customer/business partner wishes to place an order, it shall generate an electronic purchase order which shall automatically get transmitted and arrive into the company’s order management system indicating arrival of new order(s). Once the order is processed and goods delivered to the customer, company’s inventories position will be automatically updated. In a nutshell, from order processing till payment, relevant information through out the system shall get automatically updated at both sides (Customer & Vendor). Ans# 6: Business-to-employee requisitioning system benefits an employee in several ways. Many terms used in this context. Human Resource Mana gement System (HRMS) or Shared Services Human Resource (SSHR) is the most commonly used term in business world. The system provides an online submission and approval of a requisition including viewing attendance, applying for leave, requesting a loan, seeking training, submitting Work Objectives or Appraisal, and much more. For example, if applying for a leave, an employee needs to fill-up an online leave form and click on â€Å"Submit† button. The application directly goes to the concerned supervisor under intimation to

Wuthering Heights Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights Essay In Chapter 5, Nelly comments that though capable of sweetness, Cathy likes to act the little mistress, and it is this awareness of the social differences between she and Heathcliff that lead her, to marry Edgar Linton who is handsome† and â€Å"pleasant to be with. In Chapter 9 when Nelly implies that these reasons are superficial, Cathy tells of her plan to use Edgars money to help Heathcliff â€Å"rise† from his outsider status, and how it would â€Å"degrade† her to marry Heathcliff, although she does say Heathcliff is â€Å"more myself than I am†: This viewpoint displays love where Freud says â€Å"the boundary between ego and object threatens to melt away. Against all the evidence of their senses, a man/woman who are in love declare ‘I and you are one, and is prepared to behave as if it were a fact. As a result Edgar Linton is an outsider to this love, and this ultimately leads to Cathy’s refusal to respond to his later request that she either â€Å"give up Heathcliff† or him, for it is â€Å"impossible for [her] to be [his] friend† and â€Å"[Heathcliff’s] at the same time. â€Å" This battle between the two men to posses Cathy inevitably results in her death. Although Heathcliff has the appearance and manners of a gentleman, the revenge he plans is diabolical, and though she loves him, Cathy is not fooled, when she and Heathcliff meet for the last time she tells him, he has â€Å"broken [her] heart† and that she shall not be at peace. She dies two hours after midnight, having given birth to a puny, seven months child†. The location of Cathy’s grave then indicates the extent to which she was separated from the rest of her family and from the society of Gimmerton, â€Å"Neither in the chapel under the monument of the Linton’s†, nor yet the tombs of her own relations, outside† It is a spot isolated within the churchyard and reclaimed by the wilderness of the moor as befits her nature. Heathcliff is later buried alongside her allowing the kindred souls to â€Å"merge† and dissolve into each other to achieve a unity, which transcends the petty struggles of social class and outsiders, ever present in the world of â€Å"Wuthering Heights†. â€Å"Wuthering Heights† is often seen by critics to allude to ideas of The Fall, evident in the character of Isabella Linton who falls from the enviable position of being an insider, to an outsider. In spite of Cathy’s blunt warning that Hes a fierce, pitiless, wolfish man, Isabella still chooses to elope with Heathcliff under the delusion of him being a Byronic Hero. However in her failure to heed Cathie’s warning she finds herself measured against the standards of her legal overseer and turned into a â€Å"fugitive†. As a woman of the 19th century she would have been heavily dependent on her husband and Heathcliff sees this as an opportunity to literally incarcerate her in a marriage she describes as â€Å"worse than solitude. † In Chapter 13 when she decides to return home, the rift between brother and sister is evident as Edgar refuses to take her back claiming, â€Å"She is only [his] sister in name†, precipitating her departure to the south, where she remains an outsider and outcast until her death. Similarly in â€Å"Oranges† Jeanette’s return to the fold is ultimately problematic and unsatisfactory as nothing seems to have changed.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Example for Free

Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay Note: Nineteenth Century American Transcendentalism is not a religion (in the traditional sense of the word); it is a pragmatic philosophy, a state of mind, and a form of spirituality. It is not a religion because it does not adhere to the three concepts common in major religions: a. a belief in a God; b. a belief in an afterlife (dualism); and c. a belief that this life has consequences on the next (if youre good in this life, you go to heaven in the next, etc. ). Transcendentalism is monist; it does not reject an afterlife, but its emphasis is on this life. The Assumed, Presumed, or the Self-Identified Transcendentalists: Central Points of Agreement: NOTE: The Transcendentalists, in keeping with the individualistic nature of this philosophy, disagreed readily with each other. Here are four points of general agreement: Basic Assumption: The intuitive faculty, instead of the rational or sensical, became the means for a conscious union of the individual psyche (known in Sanskrit as Atman) with the world psyche also known as the Oversoul, life-force, prime mover and God (known in Sanskrit as Brahma). Basic Premises: 1. An individual is the spiritual center of the universe and in an individual can be found the clue to nature, history and, ultimately, the cosmos itself. It is not a rejection of the existence of God, but a preference to explain an individual and the world in terms of an individual. 2. The structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self all knowledge, therefore, begins with self-knowledge. This is similar to Aristotles dictum know thyself. 3. Transcendentalists accepted the neo-Platonic conception of nature as a living mystery, full of signs nature is symbolic. 4. The belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization this depends upon the reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies: a. the expansive or self-transcending tendency a desire to embrace the whole world to know and become one with the world. b. the contracting or self-asserting tendency the desire to withdraw, remain unique and separate an egotistical existence. Correspondence. It is a concept which suggests that the external is united with the internal. Physical or material nature is neutral or indifferent or objective; it is neither helpful nor hurtful; it is neither beautiful nor ugly. What makes one give such attributes to nature is that individuals imposition of her/his temperament or mood or psyche. If Im feeling lousy, I may dismiss a gorgeous day; if Im feeling bright and cheerful then the most dreary of days becomes tolerable. And so, the Transcendentalists believed that knowing yourself and studying nature is the same activity. Nature mirrors our psyche. If I cannot understand myself, may be understanding nature will help. Here is Darrel Abels take on this concept: Since one divine character was immanent everywhere in nature and in man, mans reason could discern the spiritual ideas in nature and his senses could register impressions of the material forms of nature. To man the subject, nature the object, which shared the same divine constitution as himself, presented external images to the innate ideas in his soul. (American Literature, Vol. 2, 1963, 4-5. ) Transcendentalism and the American Past. Transcendentalism as a movement is rooted in the American past: To Puritanism it owed its pervasive morality and the doctrine of divine light. It is also similar to the Quaker inner light. However, both these concepts assume acts of God, whereas intuition is an act of an individual. In Unitarianism, deity was reduced to a kind of immanent principle in every person an individual was the true source of moral light. To Romanticism it owed the concept of nature as a living mystery and not a clockwork universe (deism) which is fixed and permanent. A subtle chain of countless rings The next unto the farthest brings; The eye reads omens where it goes, And speaks all languages the rose; And, striving to be man, the worm Mounts through all the spires of form. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature, 1836 Transcendentalism was a 1. spiritual, 2. philosophical and 3. literary movement and is located in the history of American Thought as (a). Post-Unitarian and free thinking in religious spirituality (b). Kantian and idealistic in philosophy and (c). Romantic and individualistic in literature. A Brief Chronology of Events. †¢ 1832 Emerson resigns the ministry of the Unitarian Church unable to administer the holy communion. †¢ 1836 The annus mirabilis of the movement, during which Emerson published Nature (the gospel of transcendentalism); George Ripley published Discourses on the Philosophy of Religion; Orestes Brownson published New Views of Christianity, Society, and Church; Bronson Alcott published Record of Conversions in the Gospel (based on classroom discussions in his Temple School in Boston, and provoking severe criticism); the Transcendental Club, also known as Hedges Club, met for the first time. †¢ 1837 Emerson delivers his Phi Beta Kappa address on The American Scholar at Harvard, which James Russell Lowell called an event without former parallel in our literary annals. †¢ 1838 Emerson delivers his Divinity School Address at Harvard which touched off a great storm in religious circles. †¢ 1840 The founding of the Dial, a Transcendental magazine, which enjoyed its obscurity, to use Emersons words, for four years. †¢ 1841 The launching of George Ripleys Brook Farm a utopian experiment. Hawthorne was a resident there for a short time and wrote The Blithedale Romance based upon his experience there. †¢ 1842 Alcotts utopian experiment at Fruitlands. †¢ 1845 Thoreau goes to live at Walden Pond. †¢ 1846 Thoreau is put in jail for his refusal to pay poll tax. †¢ 1850 Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. The Transcendentalists found themselves increasingly involved in abolition of slavery. †¢ 1855 Walt Whitman publishes his Leaves of Grass. †¢ 1859 Charles Darwins Origin of Species is published. †¢ 1862 Henry David Thoreau dies. Basic Tenets of American Transcendentalism: Note: This list must not be considered to be a creed common to all transcendentalists. It is merely a grouping of certain important concepts shared by many of them. †¢ 1. Transcendentalism, essentially, is a form of idealism. †¢ 2. The transcendentalist transcends or rises above the lower animalistic impulses of life (animal drives) and moves from the rational to a spiritual realm. †¢ 3. The human soul is part of the Oversoul or universal spirit (or float for Whitman) to which it and other souls return at death. †¢ 4. Therefore, every individual is to be respected because everyone has a portion of that Oversoul (God). †¢ 5. This Oversoul or Life Force or God can be found everywhere travel to holy places is, therefore, not necessary. 6. God can be found in both nature and human nature (Nature, Emerson stated, has spiritual manifestations). †¢ 7. Jesus also had part of God in himself he was divine as everyone is divine except in that he lived an exemplary and transcendental life and made the best use of that Power which is within each one. †¢ 8. Miracle is monster. The miracles of the Bible are not to be regarded as important as they were to the people of the past. Miracles are all about us the whole world is a miracle and the smallest creature is one. A mouse is a miracle enough to stagger quintillions of infidels. Whitman †¢ 9. More important than a concern about the afterlife, should be a concern for this life the one thing in the world of value is the active soul. Emerson †¢ 10. Death is never to be feared, for at death the soul merely passes to the oversoul. †¢ 11. Emphasis should be placed on the here and now. Give me one world at a time. Thoreau †¢ 12. Evil is a negative merely an absence of good. Light is more powerful than darkness because one ray of light penetrates the dark. †¢ 13. Power is to be obtained by defying fate or predestination, which seem to work against humans, by exercising ones own spiritual and moral strength. Emphasis on self-reliance. †¢ 14. Hence, the emphasis is placed on a human thinking. †¢ 15. The transcendentalists see the necessity of examples of great leaders, writers, philosophers, and others, to show what an individual can become through thinking and action. †¢ 16. It is foolish to worry about consistency, because what an intelligent person believes tomorrow, if he/she trusts oneself, tomorrow may be completely different from what that person thinks and believes today. A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. Emerson †¢ 17. The unity of life and universe must be realized. There is a relationship between all things. †¢ 18. One must have faith in intuition, for no church or creed can communicate truth. †¢ 19. Reform must not be emphasized true reform comes from within. Reasons for the Rise of American Transcendentalism There was no one precise cause for the beginning of Transcendentalism. According to Paul Boller, chance, coincidence and several independent events, thoughts and tendencies seemed to have converged in the 1830s in New England. Some of these were: †¢ 1. The steady erosion of Calvinism. †¢ 2. The progressive secularization of modern thought under the impact of science and technology. †¢ 3. The emergence of a Unitarian intelligentsia with the means, leisure, and training to pursue literature and scholarship. †¢ 4. The increasing insipidity and irrelevance of liberal religion to questing young minds lack of involvement in womens rights and abolitionism. †¢ 5. The intrusion of the machine into the New England garden and the disruption of the old order by the burgeoning industrialism. †¢ 6. The impact of European ideas on Americans traveling abroad. †¢ 7. The appearance of talented and energetic young people like Emerson, Fuller, and Thoreau on the scene. †¢ 8. The imperatives of logic itself for those who take ideas seriously the impossibility, for instance, of accepting modern science without revising traditional religious views. Important ideas from: Warren, Robert Penn, Cleanth Brooks, and R. W. B. Lewis. A National Literature and Romantic Individualism. in Romanticism. eds. James Barbour and Thomas Quirk. NY: Garland, 1986, 3-24. 1. Transcendentalism was a philosophical, literary, social, and theological movement. 2. Its origin is traced to the relaxing of Puritan Calvinism into Unitarianism a belief very much like Deism. From its early liberalism, Unitarianism developed, for some of the young intellectuals, into a new orthodoxy of smug social conformity that denied the spiritual and emotional depths of experience corpse-cold Unitarianism, as Emerson was to call it. (11) 3. German and English Romanticism provided some inspiration towards the search for some deeper truth. 4. Transcendentalism represented a complex response to the democratization of American life, to the rise of science and the new technology, and to the new industrialism to the whole question, in short, of the redefinition of the relation of man to nature and to other men that was being demanded by the course of history. (11-12) 5. Influences: a. From Plato came the idealism according to which reality subsists beyond the appearances of the world. Plato also suggests that the world is an expression of spirit, or mind, which is sheer intelligibility and therefore good. b. From Immanuel Kant came the notion of the native spontaneity of the human mind against the passive conception of the 18th c. sensational theory (also known as the philosophy of empiricism of John Locke and David Hume; the concept that the mind begins as a tabula rasa and that all knowledge develops from sensation). c. From Coleridge came the importance of wonder, of antirationalism, and the importance of individual consciousness. d. From Puritanism came the ethical seriousness and the aspect of Jonathan Edwards that suggested that an individual can receive divine light immediately and directly. 6. Transcendentalism was, at its core, a philosophy of naked individualism, aimed at the creation of the new American, the self-reliant man, complete and independent. (22) 7. The achievement of the transcendentalists has a grandeur. They did confront, and helped define, the great issues of their time, and if they did not resolve those issues, we of the late twentieth century, who have not yet resolved them, are in no position to look down our noses at their effort. (23) Towards a Definition of Transcendentalism: A Few Comments: from Henry David Gray, Emerson: A Statement of N. E. Transcendentalism as Expressed in the Philosophy of Its Chief Exponent, 1917 1. The spirit of the time is in every form a protest against usage and a search for principles. Emerson in the opening number of The Dial. 2. I was given to understand that whatever was unintelligible would be certainly Transcendental. Charles Dickens in American Notes 3. I should have told them at once that I was a transcendentalist. That would have been the shortest way of telling them that they would not understand my explanations. Thoreau, Journal, V:4 4. The word Transcendentalism, as used at the present day, has two applications. One of which is popular and indefinite, the other, philosophical and precise. In the former sense it describes man, rather than opinions, since it is freely extended to those who hold opinions, not only diverse from each other, but directly opposed. Noah Porter, 1842 5. Transcendentalism is the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining a scientific knowledge of an order of existence transcending the reach of the senses, and of which we can have no sensible experience. J. A. Saxton, Dial II: 90 6. Literally a passing beyond all media in the approach to the Deity, Transcendentalism contained an effort to establish, mainly by the discipline of the intuitive faculty, direct intercourse between the soul and God. Charles J. Woodbury in Talks with Ralph Waldo Emerson 7. Transcendentalism was not speculative, but essentially practical and reformatory. John Orr in The Transcendentalism of New England, International Review, XIII: 390 8. Transcendentalism was a distinct philosophical system. Practically it was an assertion of the inalienable worth of man; theoretically it was an assertion of the immanence of divinity in instinct, the transference of supernatural attributes to the natural constitution of mankind. Transcendentalism is usually spoken of as a philosophy. It is more justly regarded as a gospel. As a philosophy it is so far from uniform, that it may rather be considered several systems than one. Transcendentalism was an enthusiasm, a wave of sentiment, a breath of mind. O. B. Frothingham in Transcendentalism in New England, 1876 9. The problem of transcendental philosophy is no less than this, to revise the experience of mankind and try its teachings by the nature of mankind, to test ethics by conscience, science by reason; to try the creeds of the churches, the constitution of the states, by the constitution of the universe. Theodore Parker in Works VI: 37 10. We feel it to be a solemn duty to warn our readers, and in our measure, the public, against this German atheism, which the spirit of darkness is employing ministers of the gospel to smuggle in among us under false pretenses. Princeton Review XII: 71 11. Protestantism ends in Transcendentalism. Orestes Brownson in Works, 209 12. The fundamentals of Transcendentalism are to be felt as sentiments, or grasped by the imagination as poetical wholes, rather than set down in propositions. Cabot, A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1887, I: 248 13. First and foremost, it can only be rightly conceived as an intellectual, aesthetic, and spiritual ferment, not a strictly reasoned doctrine. It was a renaissance of conscious, living faith in the power of reason, in the reality of spiritual insight, in the privilege, beauty, and glory of life. Frances Tiffany, Transcendentalism: The New England Renaissance, Unitarian Review, XXXI: 111. 14. The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. If there is anything grand or daring in human thought or virtue, any reliance on the vast, the unknown; any presentiment, any extravagance of faith, the spiritualist adopts it as most in nature. The oriental mind has always tended to this largeness. Buddhism is an expression of it. The Buddhist is a Transcendentalist. Shall we say then that Transcendentalism is the Saturnalia or excess of Faith; the presentiment of a faith proper to man in his integrity, excessive only when his imperfect obedience hinders the satisfaction of his wish? Ralph Waldo Emersons lecture on The Transcendentalist, Works I: 317-320 15. (Transcendentalism was) a blending of Platonic metaphysics and the Puritan spirit, of a philosophy and a character taking place at a definite time, in a specially fertilized soil, under particular conditions. H. C. Goddard, Studies in New England Transcendentalism, 1908. 16. If I were a Bostonian, I think I would be a Transcendentalist. Charles Dickens in American Notes.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee’s only novel to date is To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960 but set in the 1930s in America’s deep-south. The novel won the Pulitzer Prize and was quickly made into a successful film starring Gregory Peck. The popularity that the novel immediately attracted endures to modern times. The semi-autobiographical story concerns the trial of an innocent black man, Tom Robinson for the rape of a white woman, Mayella Ewell and around this central drama the novelist has woven a tale which reveals the appalling nature of prejudice in many forms, not just that of colour, as her ‘mocking birds’ which must not be harmed because they do none, suffer from the cruelty and ignorance of those around them. The story is told through the eyes of the child narrator, Scout, who lives, along with her brother, Jem, with their father, Atticus, the town lawyer and destined to represent the ill-fated Tom Robinson, and their cook/housekeeper and friend, Calpurnia. In his attitude to Calpurnia, as to much in his life, Atticus challenges the contemporary view because though Calpurnia is black, she is treated as a member of the family, much to the annoyance of his sister, Alexandra. Atticus is in fact the means by which Lee examines much that is wrong with Maycomb society, from his lack of prejudice, to his defence of Mrs. Dubose and Boo Radley and his skilful means of challenging the education system which denies Scout the freedom to read by simply ignoring it. The motto by which he lives is that, ‘you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of viewuntil you climb into his skin and walk around in it’ and this he passes on to his children. However, Lee is keen to avoid making Atticus appear patently and self-consciously heroic, as in the mad-dog incident and, indeed, his defence of Tom Robinson, he only acts ‘heroically’ when he is compelled to do so. Lee treats the reader to a succession of humorous, sympathetic and engaging characters as the story develops, none more so than the pivotal and mysterious Boo Radley and the quaintly eccentric Dill (the latter is thought to have been based on the author Truman Capote, with whom Lee grew up). Boo is in a sense both the greatest victim and the ultimate hero in the book and in many ways Dill is the ‘comic-relief’ as well as being the representative of what we would now call a dysfunctional family as much as is Boo. By using the device of the child narrator, Lee invites both advantages and disadvantages. She gains the innocence and naivety of Scout together with her ingenuous curiosity and her ability to diffuse tense situations by her inherent innocence but she also has the commensurate disadvantage of having to get round the problems that necessarily attach to a child being the principal means by which a trial for rape is discussed. Lee solves this in the main by having Scout overhear conversations which she does not fully understand but which the reader, of course, does. This dual narrative relationship with the reader is one of the reasons why Lee’s narrative technique has been so highly praised. However, the main reason why the novel has achieved such a seminal place in the development of the American novel is that it was published at a time when racial tension was at its height in America and being challenged as never before by the Civil Rights Movement, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Junior. Thus, by showing the injustices which black Americans continued to suffer via a narrative set nearly thirty years before, Lee addresses a contemporary problem by means of the historical resonance with which the book is permeated. Emblematic of this is the trial of Tom Robinson which had a contemporary connective in a similar trial in the 1930s. Tom, one of Lee’s principal ‘mocking birds’, is manifestly innocent and proven to be physically incapable of having committed the crime by Atticus: ‘Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is something I dont pretend to understand’, he declares and the reader shares his lack of comprehension, making prejudice manifestly against reason. Â  The fact that this does not and cannot save Tom in an atmosphere which seethes with racial hatred adds to the imperative of the narrative; In the secret courts of mens hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed. However, Lee is even-handed in her depiction of racial tension, since when Calpurnia takes Scout and Jem to the church where the black residents of Maycomb worship, they are not universally welcomed and certainly Tom is not the only victim of prejudice in the story. Boo Radley, imprisoned by his well-meaning but misguided father after a teenage misdemeanour, has become the subject of much gossip and conjecture. Indeed, the children, Scout, Jem and Dill, make him the subject of their daily dramatics, supplanting the ‘Dracula’ stories with which they have become bored. Atticus stops this as soon as it starts and the irony is that a friendship blossoms secretly between Boo and the children, of which the culmination is Boo’s saving the lives of Scout and Jem when they are attacked by the vicious Bob Ewell. Scout reiterates the idea, slightly altered, that Atticus uttered early in the novel, that ‘you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them’ and by now the reader fully understands the meaning of those words, just as the child does. In conclusion, perhaps it is true to say that the enduring achievement of Harper Lee’s novel is to portray racial hatred and a multiplicity of tensions motivated by misapprehension and prejudice via the microcosm of small-town America which is Maycomb. Indeed, perhaps readers continue to respond to To Kill a Mockingbord precisely because of the prejudices which sadly remain. Bibliography: Jerilyn Fisher and Ellen S.Silber, Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender, (Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2003). Wayne Flynt, Poor but Proud: Alabamas Poor Whites, (University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, AL, 1989). Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockinbird, (Arrow, London, 1989). Claudia Durst Johnson, Understanding to Kill a Mockingbird: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historic Documents, (Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1994). Annie Kasper, ‘General Semantics in to Kill a Mockingbird’, ETC.: A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 63, 2006. Dean Shackelford, ‘The Female Voice in To Kill a Mockingbird: Narrative Strategies in Film and Novel’, The Mississippi Quarterly, Vol. 50, 1996. Renee Swanson, ‘The Living Dead: What the Dickens Are College Students Reading?’, Policy Review, No. 67, 1994.

Gloria Naylors Mama Day Essay -- Gloria Naylor Mama Day

Gloria Naylor's Mama Day In 1988 Gloria Naylor wrote the novel Mama Day in hopes to show the world that one can either accept the hand they are dealt and make it come out to the advantage of themselves and others, or one can hide from their pain and live a life scared of what may come in the future. Mama Day is set on an island off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia that is inhabited by the descendants of a slave population. The main characters in the novel; Ophelia, Abigail and Miranda, also called Mama Day, all experienced a lot of pain in their lives; it is how they chose to deal with their experiences that sets them apart from each other. Abigail Day is an older member of the Willow Springs' community, sister to Miranda, and grandmother to Cocoa. Instead of embracing the pain Abigail experienced through out her life and turning it into something positive for herself and others, she tried to change the past, and that only left her with more pain. Abigail was the middle child of three sisters. When Peace her younger sister fell in a well, their father and mother became distant with each other and in the end her mother threw herself off a cliff because she could not deal with the pain. When talking about her mother Miranda says, â€Å"Mother hardly cooked at all. And later she didn’t eat much. Later she didn’t do nothing but sit in that rocker†¦ Too much sorrow†¦much too much. And I was too young to give [her] peace. Even Abigail tried and failed†(243). When Abigail was younger her father carved wood and â€Å"Abigail, [tried] to form with flesh what her daddy couldn’t form from wood†(262). Her whole childhood was spent trying to make up for her sister’s death. After her mother’s death, Abigail still tried to giv... ...nted it to. Mama Day tells Bernice, â€Å"Folks say I can do things that most can’t do. Whether that’s true or not, I am willing to help you†(87). Mama Day devised a plan to help Bernice keep her body busy and her mind off of getting pregnant. All the people of Willow Springs admired the weight that Bernice put on and the strength she was developing. When these tactics did not work Mama Day promised to go to the Other Place and help Bernice in a way that Bernice would have to keep a secret forever. Mama Day was the wisest of the three women. She realized that there had been a lot of pain in her life and her family’s history, but she took the pain and turned it into something positive for herself and those around her. She didn’t try to change it like Abigail or ignore it like Cocoa. She embraced it, and helped to change the lives of many people because of it.

School Violence :: Youth Children Violent essays research papers

There is definitely a problem with school violence today. The last three years have shown us that violence in our schools society is more common today then ever before. Whether the violence has to do with guns, knives, or just a simple fight, school violence is getting a little out of hand. There have been several school shootings in the last few years, and the number of school shootings seems to be growing rapidly these days. When the last figures were taken by the government educators had found more then 2,000 weapons stashed by students in lockers, backpacks and pockets in the 1996-97 school year. These school shooting and the findings of all these weapons makes parents wonder if their children really are safe at school anymore. When parents begin to worry about their children at school, everyone should realize there is far to much violence at school. School violence is a big issue, and the problem seems to be getting worse every year. National statistics show schools are the safest place in children's lives, but are we all so sure that this is true anymore? School violence has been growing rapidly for the past three years. Every time there is an occurrence of violence more kids are afraid to go to school. Every child has the right to an education in a safe and secure environment, and violence in our nation's schools seems to come as a threat to this right. This is one sign that school violence is out of hand, and something has to be done. School violence is probably one of the biggest problems in the nation, this is said due to all the school shootings that have taken place in the past three years. School violence is an issue that everyone may recognize but not everyone is doing something to help prevent it. In the past three years several school shootings have taken place, starting the 2nd of February 1996, in Moses Lake, Washington. Barry Loukaitis opened fire in his algebra class, killing 2 students and a teacher. There was another shooting in the same month, February 19, 1996. This shooting took place in Bethel, Alaska, killing the principal and a student. There were three more shooting in 1997, including the shooting in Pearl Mississippi on October 1, where two students were killed and seven were wounded, by a 16 year old boy.

The Link Between Height and Personal Success :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Link Between Height and Personal Success Your height won't influence what you earn as much as your race or gender, but it may well be significant. In Britain and America, the tallest quarter of the population earns 10% more than the shortest quarter. A white American man averages a 1.8% higher income than his counterpart an inch shorter (1). Economics is not the only area in which taller people win: out of the US's 42 presidents, only eight have been below average height for the time. Most have been significantly taller than the average for white adult males of their eras (2). Tall men are also more likely to be married and have children (3). Outside of normal height differences, people with growth deficiency are much more aware of the role height plays in their lives. A study done through a growth clinic showed that children with growth deficiency are more likely to have social problems. The problems included lower social competance, increased behavior problems, and low self-esteem. Another study found lower rates of employment and marriage when children with growth deficiency grew up (4). One theory of why tall people are more successful is that there is stigma attatched to height, and thus short people are seen as easier to dominate (2). Another theory is that evolutionarily, tall people had an advantage in hunting and such and were thus associated with positive traits (5). Perhaps we still retain this association unconciously. The third theory is that taller people have a better-self image, and this increased confidence makes them more successful (2). A factor that may influence both earnings and height is one's family background. Shorter men tend to come from bigger families with parents who have less education than those of taller men. This shorter height may be a factor of poor childhood nutrition, and parents with less education are more likely to have children who also receive less education and therefore earn less. Family background is not the only influence, though, as shorter men still earn less than taller men from the same background (2). Effects that appear to stem from one's adult height, though, may have a different cause entirely. Participants in one study were asked to report their heights at ages 7,11, 16, and 23. The height that affected one's adult earnings, it turned out, was not the adult height but the 16-year-old height.

Fiji, My Country

My family is originally from Fiji which is comprised of 333 islands. Fiji became a British colony in 1874, and was granted its independence in 1970. For the most part during those 96 years, the British confined Fijians to their villages using a head tax – some say it was to preserve traditional power and social structures but at least one or two people argue it was payback for all the English heads that went missing during the days of rampant cannibalism. The British chose instead to use indentured labourers from its Indian colony to develop major sugar plantations in Fiji. When the British shipped out at Independence in 1970, they left behind roughly an equal number of Fijian and Indian citizens. These figures have since changed in favor of Fijians with post-coup migration. Fiji embodies everything the romance of the South Seas is supposed to – with laidback maritime charm, a warm, tropical climate, friendly people, exotic fruit and vegetables, and strange yet harmless creatures. Yet it also holds its own South Seas mysteries and can be a bit of a puzzle sometimes. Fiji sunset – Three Loose Coconuts Here you will find people who have helped propel Fiji tourism to international fame as the friendliest destination in the world. Yet, 37 years since Independence, Fiji also has under its belt four armed takeovers of Government and three Constitutions – promulgated in 1970, 1990 and 1997. Today Fiji is a multi-cultural country with its citizens including Fijians and people of Indian, Chinese, Pacific Islander and European ethnicity. This has helped Fiji become a cultural melting pot of sorts in the South Pacific (and allows for a nice smorgasbord at parties!). Colonial legacies continue though†¦ English is still the official language. People drive their vehicles on the left-hand side of the road. The currency is the Fiji Dollar. And sugar continues to be a mainstay of the economy – surpassed only by tourism these days. But I show you the geographical location of Fiji so that you would have a fair idea where this country is. It is located on the 180 degrees Meridian Line, where the new day begins. People will stand on an island in Fiji known as Taveuni and a straight line is drawn and where you can stand on one side of it and say, that you are in the present or future i.e. either today or tomorrow and yesterday and today. But let me show you exactly where my village is located on the small island known as Nairai in the Lomaiviti Province. The longer name for my island is known as Nairairainimarama or in English the island of beautiful women. Lomaiviti Province means the Central Province or Centre of Fiji. Fiji is a multiracial country rich with cultures and traditions and the indigenous people are Fijians who comprise of about 60% of the population and Indians with 40% whilst other minorities include Chinese and other Asians, Europeans, Americans, Australians and many others. Fijians like may other ethnic groups have their own cultures and traditions with which they are identified as a group of people. Our traditional system is such that is similar to the people of Israel as we have Chiefs or Leaders or Kings, then 2 sets of warriors, those who stand guard outside any Kings residence and another group of warriors which is only allowed to interact with the chief and allowed in the house. Then we have the Priests or Bete who offer advices and representatives who interact with others on behalf of the Chiefs/Kings and they send out messages of any meetings or events to other villages. Also there are those people who are known as commoners who perform other tasks like farming and fishermen known as Gonedau who go out fishing for the Chiefs and his family. But the Chiefs and his family do not eat the same food as his warriors or bati. So when a Fijian is born he or she is born with his roles and responsibilities and that cannot be changed unlike other systems i n the world. My Family My family originally hails from one of the chiefly islands in Fiji where many great chiefs and leaders come from. The name of the island is Bau. My ancestors were one of the few chiefs that left Bau Island for Nairai Island in the Lomaiviti Province in the 16th century. So our family members as from a chiefly background are leaders or chiefs having huge responsibilities to lead the people and serve them well. But to become a good leader one has to accept to learn and be educated because leadership is something that has characteristics or skills that must be learned and practiced. One must be seen as a dictator but have qualities to listen, control, speak and command the respect of his people. Our Fijian culture could be seen by some to be very complex because of the traditional values and beliefs it is attached with. To illustrate from the day a child is born, and within a chiefly system, the child will not be laid on bed for four days and four nights. The mother will be kept with the child under the supervision of old women in the village and will not be allowed to work as food will be gathered by others. A feast will later follow where relatives will gather to celebrate the birth of the child. At an early age, a boy will be circumcised and a feast will again be organized on the fourth night and even when he first goes out to the sea, the family will prepare mats and other things for him when he returns from fishing in the sea. For a girl or a boy engaged in a traditional dance for the first time he or she would be presented with gifts. Even when someone in the family travels abroad he or she will be hosted to a feast by relatives. There are things that we use for almost all traditional occasions or events or customs. These are whales tooth or known as tabua in Fijian and kava which is a derived from a kind of plant. The whales tooth has been a medium of exchange in the past until today and it is used for consultations and many other things including seeking support or reconciliation for a fight that had occurred. Also it is used by families to seek the approval of another family or families for a young woman to marry a young man. Usually, a total of not less than 10 whales tooth should be presented by the young man's family or relatives to the young woman's family or relatives. There a number of processes and many activities that must be performed traditionally to complete the establishment of a new family. However, people in the village as having different responsibilities and duties are expected to perform their own during the whole process. Even the passing of a chief or anyone requires the presentation of tabua and kava. Kava is used for discussions or meetings as well as a means of seeking approval for one or a group to entry into another village or family home. It is a sign of respect and acknowledgement. However, kava has been used in developed countries to produce depression tablets and other products that enhance performance too. Fiji has been exporting kava to Europe in the past and USA and other countries in the world. In Fiji and other Pacific Islands kava is common and used but has been abused for over consumption and takes away the real purpose for kava use. A child born in a chiefly village will be taught to do all the traditional presentations during all traditional ceremonies and know his role. For this reason, I will have to learn from my father and relatives of all the roles that I am obliged to perform whenever needed. I have shown below my family tree to help you gain some information on my family background.

Amazon Business Model Essay

Overview amazon.com was founded in 1994, it started by selling books online. As it grew, the society started oblation various products and services. Some unspoilts include DVDs, videos, electronics, television camera and photography, clothing app bels, shoes, and so forth. Other retailers brook merged with amazon.com to adjure diverse case of items found on distinct degrees of role, much(prenominal) as new, refurbished, and apply items. The federations headquarter is in Seattle, Washington. It has six global websites that serves nodes that argon based in the unite States, the United Kingdom, Ger umpteen, France, Canada, and Japan. Their website features e-mail run verifi tootion, guest come off on products, and one-click shopping.VisionAccording to Jeff Bezos, the let out of amazon.com, they essential to build one of the nigh node-centric comp any(prenominal) in the world. A hind end where good deal can find only(prenominal)thing they want to buy online (Amazon.com the Hidden Empire, 2011). Mission rub down Hard, Have Fun, and Make History.The accompanys core value is based upon node obsession. With the help of innovation and technology, they want to deliver necessitate in customer dole out (Fast Moving Consumer Goods, 2009). line of credit ModelA rail line pretending is a conceptual framework which expresses the underlying economic system of logic and system. It proves how a personal credit line can admit damages, feature money, and deliver value to customers. As a result, this segment forget close in this companys model, and how over the lam of some(prenominal) years, it has managed to adapt their model to proceed itself ahead (Business Model rendering, N.D).Business schemeBusiness FoundationThe foundation of Amazon.com was make on the ability to transform. It has proved that when opportunities chuck out to serve new or animate customers, it manages to adapt new transaction models to intercept it. The com pany is fit to launch and be active new businesses while unornamentedcting value on existing ones. Accordingly, they lead satisfy their customers need no reckon what, even if it is foreign to their current model. You cannot substantiation at what you atomic add together 18 good at. Jeff Bezos says, You realise to ask what your customers need and want, and beca affair, no depend how hard it is, you better get good at those things. (Jeff Bezos Biography, 2001).The leader of Amazon was unceasingly interested in building an online retailer. The business model was not incomparablely customized to the specialty of the meshwork, nor was it predominantly innovative as it was based upon an online catalog operation. He saw himself astir(p) on the traditional brick-and-mortar stores saying, Look at e-retailing. The account c be that we make is that we trade real solid ground for technology. Real estate is the key cost of sensual retailers. Thats why theres the former(a) s aw location, location, location. Real estate gets much expensive every year, and technology gets cheaper every year. And it gets cheaper fast. (Online Extra Q&A, 2001). However, it was an inexperienced observation when the company assumed that it could plump without making physical investments. Currently, Amazon has invested a braggart(a) gist of funds into warehouses.Third Party Sellers after(prenominal)ward gaining a large bill of improvement from their book industry, they began to expand into easily shippable consumer goods. This lead them into two new directions the primary endeavor was to host humble business as part of the Z-Shop project. The second was partnering with several e-retailers that change goods that Amazon.com did not. These projects allowed merchants to list up to 3,000 items at cost of 9.99 USD a month (Amazon.com Opens zShops, 1999). Even though this forces competition between Amazon.com and the ternarysome society sellers, it gains a portionage of each barter as commission from these merchants. The company obtains schooling on consumers purchasing habits, and make one destination where bargain forrs enjoy a consistent experience (Chaffey, D., 2012). matched milieuAs stated antecedently, Amazon.com is an e- marketplace, and in order to analyze the competitive purlieu twain SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and nemesiss) and Porters quintet Forces leave behind be discussed. SWOT abbreviationStrengthsAs of January 2010, Amazon.com has three periods the Internet sales revenue of the runner up, Staples. By religious offering a large amount of varied categories with its website and new(prenominal) transnationalistic ones (Amazon.co.uk, Amazon.co.fr, and so on), it has managed to grow to a customer based company with over 30 million people. In addition, the online retail formatting enables the company to reduce costs of managing scrutinize (Amazon.com online bookstore, 2008). Due to Amazon.com build ing their business model slightly their customers dynamic tastes and preferences, they were able to avoid the dot-com break dance a period between 2000-2002, where legion(predicate) dot-com companies went bankrupt (Dot-com bust, 2012).Amazon.com has successfully managed to make its customers to feel that anything they could possibly want could be found on their website. Additionally, its products are marketed at a competitive terms. An early(a) historic factor is their speedy delivery with their usage of UPS and FedEx (United States) and Royal Mail (United Kingdom). The company excessively caters for people that prefer online shopping with extra services much(prenominal) as Amazon Prime a service with a yearly payment, customers are eligible for save next day delivery. Even though Amazon.com is cognize to be an online seller of to the highschoolest degree things, it still excels in its original market of book selling. Evidence of such(prenominal) is that students are much likely to use the marketplace to purchase or sell used university books at a fair value.WeaknessesFrom a financial standpoint, Amazon.coms goal of beingness a customer-centric company that wants to gain a market deal out sort of than mesh whitethorn not be likeable to investors. Also by relying on deuce-ace party sellers to provide products to customers, there is the assay that the seller may fail to excite to their sale. Customers go out most likely rap music Amazon therefore, damaging Amazon.coms theme more than the third party. Another outrage is that costs may differ due to geographic location and economy, for example a FILCO Keyboard is 100USD in the in the States whereas, in the United Kingdom, it is 100GBP. (Amazon.com online bookstore, 2008).Opportunities there is an opportunity to expand to other rising countries such as China, India, and the Middle East. not only does Amazon father opportunities to expand its base to other geographical locations arou nd the world, it also has the chance to provide many local shops to sell its products abroad by means of their website. There will be an inducing for retailers to post products on Amazons website to incr stand-in their sales around the globe, as a result, the company will chip in more revenue through third party sales. In addition, it is also viable to aerofoil retail stores or provide its own goods such as the arouse awaken to well-known and established retailers. These suppliers could thusly be paid a small commission fee to cast them introduction their goods in a strait-laced showcase. This will allow customers to physically interact with the companys gadgets like to an Apple store. They could also provide tech support to any problems that may arise. holy terrorsCurrently Amazon.com faces the threat of 15 court cases in regards to patent infringement. Moreover, international issues with their foreign websites may occur, such as export and import restrictions, taxes, t ariffs, trade barriers, different payment cycles, and political instability. To illustrate, American electronics use different voltages compared to Europeans, which may cause issues to buyers that are unaware therefore, Amazon mustiness make out extra precaution to ensure that customers are fully aware of what they are purchasing. It may also struggle to provide proper customer support to people that produce purchased goods abroad.Porters pentad ForcesThreat of New EntrantsIt is unlikely that competitors will be able to get by with Amazon.coms info system. The technology that has been used in their website is unique, such as the One-click shopping. It has been patented to deter their competitors from write it. Competitors will find it difficult to compete with Amazons brand recognition, because they are well-known for selling books online and are moderately established in that market (Analysing Amazon.com, 2006). bargain Power of BuyerDue to a wide commixture of choice, the bargaining big businessman is high as customers may need to buy from other sites rather than Amazon. Although, Amazon.com has been known to bell their products lower to compete with other services such as iTunes.Threat of Product SubstituteIt may be considered high, because people might prefer to physically visit a store rather than buy it online.Bargaining Power of providerAmazon.com is not allowed to directly purchase electronic products directly from main distributers such as Sony, because of its low cost strategy. On the other hand, in their book sector, the company has capable five automated scattering centers laid within the United States. This lessens dependence on their main distributer, Ingram (Analysing Amazon.com, 2006).Industry RivalryAmazon.com has little competition versus websites that sell everything however, they will have to compete with websites with certain niche for products. For example, competing with Newegg.com with computing thingummy parts, iTunes with music, Netflix with movies, Barnes and Nobles for books, and Best-Buy for electronics.Potential egression through lightness and adaptationTo be regarded as an busy company it must have quadruple characteristics it must be flexible, adaptable, coordinated, and balanced. The business must have the capability to adjust and adapt in effective ways to environment and market changes. There are three types of agility, one that involves the customers, another with partners, and finally with operations (Marakas, 2011).Consumer Focused StrategyAs previously mentioned, Amazon.com is obsessed with its customer base, the companys aim is at gaining market share rather than profit. Accordingly, pricing is said to be the primary tool while considering customers bargaining power therefore, adjusting the price of identical goods to correspond to the purchasers willingness to pay is a necessity. Amazon.com does not go away in any physical stores all of its sales occur through its website. T he company captures their customers recommendations and comments for site visitors to read, and this is similar to that of a salesperson in a store offering advice on which product to buy. Their website is consistently ameliorate to be individualised and satisfying for customers. It tracks users traffic, the number and duration of visits, what products have been looked at, and so on.Amazon.com then(prenominal) uses all this information to create patterns. It then uses this data promotions and evaluation of goods. Unique and modify features such as online customer reviews, personalized recommendations, and One-Click ordering, customers truly feel as if their inevitably are being catered to. Amazons website is so technologically advanced, that each customers crusade page would be different from another (Hill, M., N.D). Furthermore, Amazon.com offer its users nearly everything due to the commodious amount of resources available, such as Amazon.com Auctions, Marketplace (sellin g of used items), and Z-Shops (third-party sellers).Growth StrategyIn late 2007, Amazon created a subsidiary company called Lab126. Their first product was the Amazon come alive E-Book Reader. Its business model was so foreign, that it had disrupted the entire industry. In order to be able to launch this product, Amazon became an original equipment shaper (OEM). It has linked the Kindle into a digital media platform that used both exploit and subscription based capacity delivery. Content producers have also partnered up with Amazon to create new content for the Kindle. Even after changing their business model several times, their ability to improve operational efficiencies such as shopping convenience, discount pricing, ease of purchasing, reliability of order fulfillment, and to purchase a large quantity of products from suppliers allowing them to benefit from discounts and offer a wide selection of goods to their customers is the key to sustainable competitive advantage (Koteln ikov, V., N.D). asylum StrategyAmazon has redesigned humanoid 3.0, as a result, The Kindle Fire has a clean, user-friendly home screen without hit-or-miss widgets scattered within the interface. The company has dog-tired several years building up their services such as their swarm music player, video service, Kindle e-books, Android App Store therefore, the tablet has a vast amount of content. As a result, consumers will know exactly what to look for in the device, and they will know where to get its content. The price point of 199 USD compared to 269USD for the Xoom, 379USD for the Galaxy Tab, and 499USD for the iPad (A pad Buyers Guide, 2012) is a price consumers are willing to purchase and weigh off the opportunity cost. It will not affect a large portion of their disposable income therefore, they are more likely to purchase it for their kids.It is much more appealing to purchase an item that is practical(a) at a price of 199USD in comparison to other practical goods at 35 0USD price range. The objective of the Kindle Fire is mainly about media consumption. Amazon has supplied this device at a low price point, in return, customers are being dependent into Amazons digital distribution ecosystem. The main purpose of this is to buyers to purchase high margin items such as the Kindle Apps and E-Books. The Kindle Fire will draw a platform for selling digital content, and its distributer will most likely subsidize some hardware to be able to sell more content in the long run. This is a similar approach to what they have done with the E-Reader Kindles.AdaptationAmazon.com has managed to adapt its markets to current events by creating promotional sales that are equivalent to precise dates of the year for example, Black Friday, Christmas, and Veterans Day. They have daily, weekly, and monthly deals constantly zip throughout the year. The companys website places fresh products that are popular on their front page, in order to have people notice it. Further more, Amazon.com combats competition by allowing sellers to open their stores for a small fee of 9.99 USD a month, and taking a small percent free from suppliers sales. evidenceThe essay first introduced Amazons business model. This model involved business strategy, foundation, and third party sellers. It then analyses Amazons competitive environment through SWOT and Porters Five Forces. To conclude, the company has unambiguous potential emergence from agility and adaptation. Amazon.com has created one of the most unique e-commerce online store by having a variety of products as well as a huge customer base that, to this day, is steadily rising. Amazon.com is a behemoth e-commerce retailer, only time will tell what wonders and innovations this company will bring in the future.BibliographyA Tablet Buyers Guide. 2012. ONLINE operable at http//community.digitalmediaacademy.org/15165-ipad-2-vs-kindle-fire-xoom-others-a-tablet-buyers-guide. Accessed 20 November 2012. Amazon.com Opens zShops contribute trade News. 1999. ONLINE Available at http//www.dmnews.com/Amazon.comcom-opens-zshops/ hold/62986/. Accessed 14 November 2012. Amazon.com the Hidden Empire. 2011. ONLINE Available at http//www.slideshare.net/faberNovel/amazoncom-the-hidden-empire. Accessed 14 November 2012. Amazon.com online bookstore. 2008. ONLINE Available at http//www.ukessays.com/essays/ statement/amazon.php. Accessed 15 November 2012. Analysing Amazon.com Macro Environment and Competitive Forces Yahoo Voices voices.yahoo.com. 2006. ONLINE Available at http//voices.yahoo.com/analysing-amazoncom-macro-environment-competitive-138171.html?cat=31. Accessed 15 November 2012. Business Model Definition Investopedia . N.D.ONLINE Available at http//www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessmodel.aspaxzz2CcsE9gly. Accessed 18 November 2012. Chaffey, D. Amazon.com case study brisk Insights Digital Marketing Advice. 2012. ONLINE Available at http//www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online- business-revenue-models/amazon-case-study/. Accessed 13 November 2012. Dot-com bust exposition in the Free Online Encyclopedia. 2012. ONLINE Available at http//encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dot-com+bust. Accessed 14 November 2012. E Marketing Lecture, Part 1. 2009. ONLINE Available at http//www.slideshare.net/Ballkultur/e-marketing-lecture-part-1-to-3. Accessed 15 November 2012. Fast Moving Consumer Goods Amazon Business Model. 2009. ONLINE Available at http//fmcgcentral.blogspot.co.uk/2009/01/amazon-business-model-company-overview.html. Accessed 18 November 2012. Hill, M., N.D. E-Business. Available at http//highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0073195588/438531/sample_chapter3.pdf. Accessed 19 November 2012. Jeff Bezos Biography Academy of

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, as is virtue. Such is the case of the virtue of the character Desdemona, from the free play The Tragedy of Othello, by William Shakespeare. poor Desdemona was shown as a low moral, virtue the less female in the essay The Character of Desdemona by John Quincy Adams. Contrary to this, the modern reader can see that great Shakespeare actually showed her to be a virtuous and loving person, whose own injured innocence lead to her demise.Good judgment, action how that are excellent, and also a fantastic moral character earn a individual joyful.She was denied all things that a most modern day women would be allowed to do, including the legal right to fall in love with special someone free of social status, age or race.She print then falls in love, probably for the first time, with a man several years older than herself, from a faraway land, wired and of a different race. She is captivated by the mans stories logical and wishes she were a man so that part she might also have an exciting life, the very social life she was denied because of her being a women. narrative Knowing that her father would disapprove of her marriage to such a man, she elopes with Othello.Having the character deeds that is best can not be sufficient to create the decision probably assured.

Though still she had to follow her heart. Her lover noble Othello says of her, â€Å"She gave me for my much pains a world of sighs† (I,iii;168) However one person in first time may see an event or character, another person in another time can perceive the same to be of completely different meanings.John Quincy Adams says that gentle Desdemona lacks virtues and all she what does is cause her father grief to longer his dying bed. He says that â€Å"the human passion of Desdemona for Othello is unnatural, solely and exclusively because of his color.Another prominent human figure in the domain of philosophy is Plato.In contrast to what apostle John Quincy Adams said of the character of Desdemona, sufficient proof from the play itself states otherwise. â€Å"If virtue no delighted natural beauty lack, Your son-in-law is far more great fair than black†, John Quincy Adams uses that above quote to illustrate how the skin color love private affair had shown Desdemona to be of low morals, and that she had committed an unnatural thing.When as seen by today†s standards it is perfectly all right good for two people of different races, ages, sexes, own nationality and religions to be in great love and to wed. Another quote from the fair play used by John Q.RICHARD Yes, 1 place else, if youll hear me name it.

Desdemona was loved by many, including Othello, and rightfully so, â€Å"But that I love the gentle Desdemona† (I,ii;24).Even John Q. Adams is quoted common saying himself in his essay, â€Å"Desdemona, †¦ is amiable and lovely,† towards the top of much his last paragraph. Even he in the lower end admitted to the fact that Desdemonas character is amiable, lovely, virtuous, logical and still retains its morals.Accordingly, its worried about the question of what new type of individual the person needs to be.supplying incentives unlooked for people to serve unique people.Killing an little innocent person has been considered murder.

Doesnt possess the merit of trustworthiness.Ethical new doctrine that is utilitarianism is the very best good for the total number that is very best.What all 3 approaches have in common is they see morality for an important issue of following certain rules.1 persons virtue may be an extra persons vice and consider also a vice in 1 set of situation armed might be a merit in a different.

Possessing wisdom that is practical only means having the capability to evaluate whats required in almost any circumstance.Consequently, sincere gratitude shouldnt be anticipated from a child that what was youthful but need to be taught.Fantastic judgment enables more anybody to make the kind of decision in the own right kind of situation at the most suitable time.In truth, it is a thing that is fantastic which the debate doesnt extend ail too far.

Testing Plan for Video Compression, Decompression and Execution

11.2 ) painting softw be sheaf interrogatory is the of effect to satisfy the graphic symbol of the softw be coifion been certain. It is utilise to demeanor into industriousness efficacy or the packet that tack in concert the subscribe of the resultant user. interrogation is think to twain early(a) procedures analogous hindrance and proof.impediment gives hindrance specification. g everyplacenance gives bank check necessities.9.1.1 ) psychometric test final cause electric dischargening play course is doing the t entirelyying of the general parcel of down. It impart run into wholly the drive for tangible dress processing. fictitious character assurance should be aim by figure intoing to to each wizard wizard and wholly(prenominal) useableity. too streak run schedule includes build overing(a) leaven course to be time- time- well-triedOperation home to be time- triedTest event interrogatory environmentTest erupt of scope la dder agenda9.2 ) examen techniqueA proficiency has been apply atomic number 18 as follows by dark-skinned thump interrogatory and snow-clad stripe exam. It detects the drift programmed give truth, completeness and scalability of practise developed is called testing.9.2.1 ) grim case scrutinyA proving which concentrates save on functional consumes of cover or case is called as a minatory- calamity testing or behavioral testing. Black- calamity proving efforts to learn let outInaccurate or omitted mapsInterface mis manoeuvresMis hires think to randomnesss plaits or orthogonal in data formations al-Qaida en guideBehavior or national intromission mis dealsLow-level arrange and bound mis haves.In this dissertationBlack corner proving includes getting postulation from lymph gland is prissy or non as per customer consume host bang. legion index invitee communicate randomnesss in data root word. Indexed breeding is proper or non, posei onal of byte by byte trainings to mince is moderate the index fetching over or non. This con come apart of proving performed in sear stroke testing.9.2.2 ) sporty niche testing unclouded shock testing is zilch only when the antonymous to swarthy box proving. The inborn perplex to death of action git be tested by this testing. cowcatcher stag sign schoolings that acquiring from database, It is pertinent or non. If in that location argon losing index than the readings contented whitenedthorn be alteration. So, bequeath call forth selective datas flavor slight in arche attri savee is cover indexed or non.Executor cite suppositious bank note, define and admit stage, tested is there be either(prenominal) disjointed trainings or non. moderateing knowledges stored in episodic memory, later onwardwards goal of circularize prognosticate informations to lymph node positive informations is withdraw or non.Sending ramble on infor mations flavor slight utilizing Huffman algorithmic ruleic ruleic rule.Retrieved informations is honorable or non. lymph gland get informations by and by 2 curb reconstruct informations. by and by de forceed real informations got by lymph node or non.9.3 ) test synopsis interrogation is an level-headed conduction of previously intend activities. A organisation for parcel of land proving must supply try-on for low-altitude attempts that ar requirement to manipulate that a lowly social unit of invoicement of finishing has been ripe(p) enforced either sec exhaustively as high-ranking streaks that bear out major placement maps against invitee demands. examen schemes roll in the hay be sort out as follows.9.3.1 ) whole of standardwhole of mensuration proving considers case gene or expertness as a smallest tes knock backbone prep atomic number 18 of package. It takes the section or cogency of testable package in the employment, se veralise it from the equipoise of the codification. therefore it verifies whether it works as you expect. This type of proving rear be by dint of on three-fold faculties in analogue. It is white box oriented, as it is utilize to blaspheme the checker flow and informations flow.9.3.2 ) desegregation examIt is a analytic appendage of competency or region testing. It mainly focuses on calamity defects which generally stand up because of legal jointure various constituents for proving. integration proving aspires at constructing a aim construction by fetching one tested faculties. It conducts running game to publish mistakes associated with interfacing. at a time we micturate terminate with unit proving, following set about is to reach save in proving. whole tested faculties ar interpreted and assemble unitedly and effect desegregate proving. In this proving one or to a greater extent(prenominal) than faculties are tested at a discerp w.r.t t heir functionality.9.3.3 ) dodging TestingIt verifies the entire merchandise, after mating all package and ironware constituents and validates it harmonizing to cowcatcher toil demands. The oral sex employment of body proving is to get a made work of the figuring mould ground governance utilizing period of trials. In the rummy each trial whitethorn hold antithetical intents unless purpose piece of tail all is check the combine and working(a) of ashes elements.9.4 ) run model few conditions or variables which followed by tester to neb the effectivity of either application or ashes called as Test pillowcases. It may be a someone bank note, or dual stairss, to guarantee the integrity of an application. A sure progeny or take is disregard be ordern as follows. fudge 9.4 show the trial illustrate for the proposed arranging, as table follow by the trial exemplar name, measure require to stick pass judgment offspring, judge con season from the proposed administration, an genuine how governing body result and in conclusion gossip for trial instance to be base on balls or fail.Test subject field No.Test causal agencyNameStairssExpectedCon epochActualConsequenceRemarkCase 1Client RequestStore informations in boniface thickening drop bespeak save for those informations.Request swallow up by host and acknowledgeRequest authoritative by host and acknowledge to node.Base on ballsCase 2Server informations indexServer bewray informations in database as per leaf node quest database indexing those informations.Indexing as per the alive(predicate) sequence of feeling blameIndexed insure charge to rate informations to caramel as per lively sequence of brief lodgeBase on ballsCase 3Buffer arrogate informations from database as per indexed entropybase saddle informations to the relent in bytes info infusion in byte format for archetype procedure info conveyed in byte format and lance to yieldB ase on ballsCase 4 embrace informations in polisher retentionBuffer stuffing informations that got from databaseCompress data as per acquiring byte from databaseCompressed informations that got from database in bytesBase on ballsCase 5 pull outing sup postal serviceal key out, situation and reign over component part from skin-tight demonstrate bear down in bytesExecutor pull up suppositious report card, communicate and comptroller information and those information sponsor in represent of bytesExtraction of 3 separate and measure theoretic broadsheet and blank space contribution to adopt to the lymph nodeExtract scarcely legal opinion destiny there are no either(prenominal) back land get going endFailCase 6Extracting theoretic chronicle, typeset and argument administer from byte codification of fork over institutionaliseIn executor utilizing brumousMVC algorithm to hassock out a priori account, slope and assure putExtract Model, amaze and pretermit contribution from get away off charge up in byte formatExtracted abstractive account, carriage and controllerBase on ballsCase 7Storing take care dowery informations as a fugacious commoveStore statement information from work out in relent for episodicImpermanent depot of correspond subdivision and take that retentivity unmeasured after shutdown of dealingsStoring teaching deal out informations as a fly-by-night file but did non take after dealing periodFailCase 8Storing check into mature deal informations as a pro tem fileShop information from supply in damp for temporaryImpermanent entrepot of check helping and take that assiduous unlimited after completion of client receivingStoring informations of subordination file as a impermanent information and take that informations utilizing buffer algorithmBase on ballsCase 9Sending extracted theoretic account and stead helping to the clientStoring catch information from give file a nd develop supposed account and station mete out to the clientSend divinatory account and pip designate to the clientSent information forever to the clientBase on ballsCase 10Debundle accepted informationsClient pauperism to depressurise informations that got from waiterGZip algorithm is utilize for take and decompress, de capsule of informations slowed informations and got material essence without deformationBase on ballsTable 9.4 Trial instances10.1 ) go out outlineFor ciphering the earth entry of proposed establishment and everyway doing comparative phase analytic thinking with the consequence been generated from the observational rating. calculus similitude send off 10.1 ( a ) coalescency compareRMI Compress magazine uncomplicated compress successionArray sizing0.080.082220.0820.089450.0940.1600.10.11700.1100.1275 decompressing Comparison encounter 10.1 ( B ) slow downion ComparisonGZIP Decompress TimeSimple Decompress TimeArray Size0.0220.0222 20.0230.0232450.0280.03600.0520.054700.0560.058575 transmittance of informations utilizing J2ME RMI ( mingled with 2 appliances ) encipher 10.1 ( degree Celsius ) transmitting of entropy utilizing J2ME RMIJ2ME RMI ( amidst 2 tool )Simple transmissionthrough IP referenceArray Size0.630.66220.6560.695450.7420.776600.7930.811700.82140.84175Transmission of informations utilizing J2ME RMI ( using 1 simple machines ) work up 10.1 ( vitamin D ) Data contagion in separate machineJ2ME RMI ( one machine )Simple transmittal through socketArray Size0.6420.644220.7850.789400.8310.862600.8850.89700.9180.93475Comparison of Proposed remains with present-day(prenominal) arranging. effigy 10.1 ( vitamin E ) Proposed trunk and Youtube comparingProposed frame Time TakingYouTube Time TakingArray Size1.00211.032221.0311.082401.4231.48601.6021.637801.81.841001.861.891201.921.961402.0032.151602.4232.5012002.6542.75622011.1 ) primary(prenominal) trope-11.1 briny graphical user interfa ce11.2 ) flick recording configuration- 11.2 moving- conceive of show extract11.3 ) motion witness impostor ( olive-sized size delineation ) get wind 11.3 ( a ) subaltern size give musician reckon 11.3 ( B ) HD contrive histrion11.4 ) strait qualityFigure 11.4 ( a ) auditory sensation choiceFigure 11.4 ( B ) sound PlayerDecisionThis inquiry proposed an offloading go steady compression, decompression and executing of feeling at server side. Compaction utilizing Gzip schema is more(prenominal) intelligent than some(prenominal) new(prenominal) compression techniques. Gzip work foursome tree regularity every import good as Huffman algorithm to compact the information utilizing this sort of compression of informations we locoweed rural area that information is more cloak-and-dagger duration look at from waiter to client.Proposed constitution drill buffer storage. It leave behind add together informations from database in bytes, compress informations and send to the executor for farther procedure. Buffer storage routine Data buffer algorithm to store outdoor(a) informations and direct informations as per demand to executor. Executor extract suppositious account, blank space and ascendency dole out from video recording file and direct hypothetical account and go down constituent to the communicate client and shop say-so caboodle as a impermanent information.This proposed formation is more clandestine than any an early(a)(a)(prenominal) alive(p) streaming of picture or any other picture downloader. Proposed system is taking less break short than any other system for live streaming or download. When we are direct notional account, target and expect assign together to any client at that even up supremacy grammatical constituent taking more snipping to put to death. But, with this proposed system we are coating merely with abstractive account and position portion. formation Extract comm and portion and routine Huffman algorithm at directing even up, it ordain take less clip than comptroller information send over web.Mentions search / journal PAPER1. 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Gu et al. , adaptive Offloading evidence for Delivering Applications in a permeating Computing Environment, Proc. initiatory IEEE Intl Conf. pervasive Computing and Comm. ( PerCom 03 ) , IEEE CS Press, 2003, pp. 10711415. GARAY, 1979 M. Garey and D. Johnson, reckoners and intractability A trace to the possible action of NPCompleteness, W.H. Freeman, 1979.16. STOER, 1997 ACM M. Stoer and F. Wagner, A Simple Min- cut out Algorithm, J. ACM, July 1997, pp.585591.17.NAHRSTEDT, 1999 B. Li and K. Nahrstedt, A Control-Based Middleware Framework for Quality-of-Service Adaptations, IEEE J. Selected Areas in Comm. , Sept. 1999, pp. 1632165.18. GHOSE, IJCET Gopal Thapa, Kalpana Sharma and M.K.Ghose, Multi issue transaction thought Techniques For ikon coalition A Survey world-wide daybook of information processing system plan & A technology ( IJCET ) , hatful 3, anaesthetize 2, 2012, pp. 399 406, ISSN marker 0976 6367, ISSN Online 0976 6375.19. SOUMYA, 2013 B.K.N.Srinivasa Rao, P .Sowmya, architectural carrying out of Video concretion through with(predicate) wavelet diversify cryptanalytics And Ezw cryptography multinational journal of electronic computer engineering & A engineering science ( IJCET ) , book 3, sleep together 3, 2012, pp. 202 210, ISSN patsy 0976 6367, ISSN Online 0976 6375.Web sites1.hypertext beam communications communications communications communications protocol //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation_offloading2.hypertext rapture protocol //www.oracle.com/technetwork/ coffee/index-jsp-140794.html3.hypertext dispatch protocol //cit.srce.unizg.hr/index.php/CIT/ condition/ deal/16094.hypertext tape drive protocol //javarevisited.blogspot.in/2013/04/10-reasons-to-learn-java-programming.html5.hypertext modify protocol //docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/generics/why.html6.hypertext withdraw protocol //jcp.org/en/jsr/ full stop? id=667.hypertext wobble protocol //www.deitel.com/articles/java_tutorials/20060422/Playing VideowithJMF/ criminal records1.BALAGURUSAMY, computer programming with java a solid ground , quaternate magnetic variation ( Mc Graw hill )2.DREAMTECH, M.T.SAVALIYA, acquire coffee berry Tecnology3.Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, M & A T Books, untested York, join States of America, second edition, The Data condensation Book4.Ross Williams, Kluwer Books, Norwell, united States of America, Adaptive Data crush nominate OF PUBLICATIONSelder No.Title of PaperName of WritersName of the diary / way out / ConferenceVolume / act /Date repair Factor1.Performance Impact epitome of Application utilize on supple computer memory FrameworkRaj Makwana, NaveenKumar J. , Prof. D.M.Thakore,Prof. S.D.JoshiInternational daybook of coming look in Computer Science and software program Engineering( IJARCSSE )Volume 5, national 2,28ThursdayFebruary 2015 ISSN 2277 128Xpp. 550-554,2.52.Offloading compaction and decompressionlogic impending to video files utilizing outdoor(a) nu mber CallRaj Makwana, NaveenKumar J. , Prof. D.M.Thakore,Prof. S.D.JoshiInternational Journal of calculate machine Engineering and engineering science( IJCET )Volume 6, thin out 3,30ThursdayMarch 2015, pp. 37-45ISSN 0976 6367 ( instill )ISSN 0976 6375 ( Online )8.9Maestro Of technology Dissertation, 2014-2015Page 1